Store is the use of chemicals, pressures, or devices to cause pain in the forefoot and hooves when touching the ground. This results in the horses taking their front legs higher and faster than they do naturally. This is a cruel and forbidden, illegal practice in the US under the Horse Protection Act of 1970 (HPA). This is closely related to the unique high movement of the forelegs called the "big lick" movement in the Tennessee Walking Horses show ring. Under normal circumstances, the action of "big licks" is usually made by horseshoes that have added bearings and weight (sometimes called "piles"), usually combined with a weighted additional chains or rollers placed around the pastern to create dramatic and high striking action from the horse's forelegs, desired in a horse show ring. Soring practitioners do so because they believe that the pain associated with this practice exaggerates the "big lick" to a greater extent and gives them a competitive advantage over horses that are not treated in this way. Other breeds that have a history of violation of the persecution include Horse Dredge and Saddet Horse Spotted. Criminal and civil penalties can be assessed against individuals who practice soring.
Video Soring
History
During the late 1940s and early 1950s, when the Tennessee Walking Horses enjoyed a massive popularity spurt with the general public, excessive front foot action, especially on foot, attracted spectators to horse performances and helped increase the popularity of the breed. This action is also appreciated by the judges. This starts outrage for the "big lick" movement. While the "lite shod" horses with a good natural gesture can comfortably do a pleasant gait right then, it takes a natural ability and enough time to properly train and condition the horse.
Some individuals, who want to produce similar movements on less talented horses or in a shorter time, borrow the practices used by other breeds to improve movement. These include action devices such as weighted shoes, "piles" (cushioned pads), and the use of weighted chains around the pastern, all of which, to some extent, are permitted.
Because these methods resulted in a winning horse in the show, and because of the increasingly high and dramatic action taken by the judges, some trainers turned to less savory methods to produce hasty action. These methods include very heavy chains, the use of spikes that are deliberately placed underneath the shoes into "white lines," or quick, of the nails, pruning the nail palms to a point that is bleeding or bruising, increases weight. pads stacked by driving a large number of hidden spikes and controversial "soring" practices, which are the application of a caustic chemical agent to the front of the forefoot to cause pain when a chain hit the pastern with each step. The result of these practices is so much pain in the front horse's hooves that the horse grabs its legs off the ground as quickly as possible in an effort to reduce the pain. Correspondingly, the horse's own steps as far as possible with the hind legs to reduce the front foot from the weight. This results in a "squat" body line (very low headquarters, very high front paws) typical of the "big lick" horse. Such violations are illegal under the Horse Protection Act of 1970, but are still practiced.
Steps have been taken to stop the practice, and many supporters of the Tennessee Walking Horse have been set up to oppose torture. HPA, specially designed to stop such practices and monitor the Tennessee Walking Horse in particular, prohibits the use of spreading agents. Animal Health and Plant Inspection Service (APHIS), part of the USDA, works with industry to enforce the law. The Tennessee Walking Horse organization sent designated qualified people (DQP) to show to check the horses, and, as a funding permit, APHIS sent a veterinary medical officer employed by the government to work with DQP at several events.
Trainers opposing suction have formed and joined alternative breeding organizations, including the National Walking Horse Association (NWHA) and Friends of Sound Horses (FOSH). All of these organizations promote the sound of Tennessee Walking Horse. In addition, in 2005, the national director of the Tennessee Walking Horse Association Association and the Association of Exhibitors (TWHBEA) decided to break away from the National Horse Appeals Commission (NHSC), the body closest to the issue of coaching. TWHBEA established its own sanctions body, developed a new rule book and strict guidelines for horses affiliated and Horse Industry Organization [HIO] that APHIS applied and reviewed. The problem is still very controversial, especially in Kentucky and Tennessee.
Maps Soring
Clinical methods and signs
Thoroughness has been declared "cruel" and inhuman "by the United States Congress Similarly, the American Veterinary Association (AVMA) has described it as" inhuman "and" unethical "
The legal definition of soring in the Horse Protection Act of 1970 is:
(A) an aggravating or blistering agent has been applied, internally or externally, by a person to every horse member,
(B) any burns, cuts, or lacerations have been inflicted by a person on a horse's branch,
(C) any nail, nail, screw, or chemical agent has been injected by someone into or used by a person on each horse's leg, or
(D) any other substance or device has been used by a person on any horse limbs or has been engaged in a practice involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, suffering, injection, use, or practice, such horse suffers, or can be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, inflammation, or lameness when walking.
Clinical signs of a sick horse include:
- The horse stood with its legs close together, shifting its weight to its hind legs.
- The granulation or scar tissue is seen in pastern or coronet bands.
- Wavy hair growth or hair loss is seen in the pastern area.
- The horses had darker hairs than the rest of the horse's coat.
- The horse carries his hocks low and can twist them out while moving.
- Horses lie for a long time, and hold to stand.
- The horse rejects the handling of his nails.
- The horse is having trouble walking, and may fall.
Chemical filtering and pressure
One of the methods of suction involves the use of chemical agents such as mustard oil, kerosene and other caustic substances on the pastern, heel tubers, or coronary bands on horses, causing burn or horse blisters to accentuate their gaits. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is sometimes added to enhance the effect. The treated areas are then often wrapped in plastic while chemicals are absorbed. Chemical agents cause tremendous pain, and usually cause scarring. A typical scarring pattern is an indication of the characteristics of the soring, so the practitioner may try to disguise the scars with dye, or horse's legs can be treated with salicylic acid to reduce scarring. These chemicals are dangerous, usually quite toxic, and sometimes carcinogenic, so practitioners should use a brush and wear gloves when applying them.
Other methods of sorting include pressure boots, where the nails are trimmed so quickly that the soles are in direct contact with the pad or shoe. The horse may be a "road ran aground", up and down hard surfaces above the nails that are too short, until they are very sick. Trainers sometimes place objects, such as metal beads, nails, or screws, under the pad, causing intense pressure, although this practice has begun to decline with the use of fluoroscopy to detect the method. Rough use of chains (such as using them with chemical tanning agents) is also a common practice.
Action tools
"Action devices" include "piles" - multiple pads between nails and horseshoe; and "chain-like chains or rollers are placed around the passage • Illegal use occurs when irritation has been placed in the same area of ​​the hooves or legs The chain movement over the chemically traumatized area of ​​the foot increases the painful response, resulting in excessive gait.
Storing is always illegal, but allowing the use of chains varies depending on the organization that shows sanctions. The United States Horse Federation (USEF), the national regulatory body for horseback riding in the United States, does not allow the device of action in exhibition rings for all recognized national breed affiliations. However, the Tennessee Association of Tennessee Horse Riding Associations and the Exhibition Participants Association, which provides many sanctions, is not affiliated with USEF and has different rules.
New rules to update HPA may result in restrictions on this device.
- Chain : Chain-like bracelet mounted around the front of the horse, but to be legal, must weigh no more than 6 ounces (170 g). They are intended for use with lubricants to enable them to glide easily along the pastern. Users of chains do not believe that they cause horse pain, stating that it creates the same feeling as a loose bracelet around one's wrist. However, studies show they may be harmful above a certain weight. In 1982, a study at Auburn University examined the health effects of action devices on horses that were stolen through the use of thermography. The researchers concluded that the chains "change the thermal pattern as early as day 2 of exercise with the chain." The changing thermal pattern survives during the chain, "with the normal thermal pattern not visible until after 20 days of recovery. A horse in this study developed a lesion of the 8-ounce chain (230 g), after wearing it in nine 15-minute training periods for 11 days. The Auburn study showed that 2-, 4-, and 6-ounce chains (55, 115, and 170 g) did not produce any adverse effects on horses being studied. The 6-ounce chain (170 g) is the legal chain weight allowed in the NHSC horse show.
- Stacks are made up of several wafer-like hoof-shaped objects, usually made of plastic, although they can also be made of leather, rubber or polyurethane. Plain pads are added under natural horse's hooves, with horseshoe on the ground. While single, relatively thin bearing, either flat or with a small wedge shape, is used with horse shoes in many circumstances and can protect the palm of the nail or make simple changes to act. But in this context, as an action device, the stack (also called the "performance packet") is a set of double-pads arranged, sometimes from a combination of materials, and can even be made from wood. They vary in height; they may be up to 4 inches (10 cm) thick on the heel and no more than 2 inches (5 cm) thick on the toes. Pads built on horseshoe have metal bands that extend in front of the nails to help keep the hooves. This design is an extension of the basic shoes, and can be removed or changed without having to completely restore the horse shoes. While the design is meant to exaggerate the action of the horse, the shape of the pile and adding weight to the hooves causes the foot to attack with more strength and at an abnormal angle. Rescue occurs when objects are hidden between the pads and nails so that painful pressure occurs on the palm of the nails so the horse lifts its legs faster and higher. Permitted thickness' and weight varies between categories of competition.
The use of sanitary napkins is controversial. Some criticize the band that holds the pad in, which they believe cuts into the nails and may wear slots into it. However, coaches generally loosen the ribbon when the horse is not done, which can minimize the problem. Under normal conditions, if the pad is lost, it usually affects only the pad and not the footwear, which remains intact. Injuries are usually very limited from "throwing" a set of pads. It is dangerous if the horse wearing the cushion pulls the shoe, because not only will the pad be released, but the band can tear off part of the nail wall. The horses wearing the pads are not supposed to change.
Current status and laws
Saving has banned sales and shows for decades, but is still practiced. Can be detected by watching the horse for lameness, judging its position, and palpating the lower leg. Some trainers can pass inspectors by training the horses to react to the pain that can cause palpation, often by harshly punishing the horse for jolting after the stunned area is touched. This practice is sometimes called "stewardship" refers to a steward steward, who is often the first enforcement rule at any horse show. The trainer can also set the time of use of the agent so that chemicals will not be detected when the horse is checked, but will apply when the rider gets into the ring. Others use topical anesthesia, which is time to be worn before the horse gets into the event ring. Pressure shoeing is also used, eliminating the use of chemicals altogether. The trainers who hurt their horses left the venue when they found that a tighter federal inspector was present.
In 2006, due to a new technique in detection and detection, the USDA began to take a bigger crackdown in the industry. The new device known as the "sniffer" (also used to detect the presence of chemical bombs in airport security) can now be used, where samples are taken from horses and then "sniffed". At the Tennessee Tennessee Horse Celebration, a long-standing dispute between USDA trainers and inspectors comes to mind. The inspectors disqualified six of the ten horses from performing on Friday night, August 25, 2006. The coach refused to torture and challenge the monitoring method. The result was that a number of championship championship classes were canceled, and major controversy over the situation remained. After a year-long discussion between the industry and the USDA on issues raised at the 2006 show, the 2007 championship started without significant controversy.
ABC News The investigation by ABC News into the Tennessee Walking Horses training method reveals that many horses have been tortured and beaten to make them produce high-level walking. In a video taken by Humane Society of the United States, renowned coach Jackie McConnell was seen beating horses, using electric tools, and blowing their nails with caustic chemicals. In addition, a random check by the Ministry of Agriculture at the 2011 annual championships found that all of the 52 horses being examined had foreign substances applied to their front nails, either to cause pain or hide it.
In June 2012, the American Association of Equine Practitioners and the American Veterinary Medical Association jointly issued a call to prohibit both action devices (chains, rollers, etc.) and "performance packets", e.g. piles or pads.
At the Tennessee National Horse Walking Celebration 2013, USDA testing shows that 67% of horses tested positive for substances that can be used to hide soring.
Legal case
Jackie McConnell, a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer, owns Whittier Stables in Collierville, Tennessee. After becoming a leading figure in the industry and hall of fame trainer, in 2012 McConnell pleaded guilty to 12 counts of animal cruelty and violated the federal Horse Protection Act. Formal sanctions were imposed on Jackie McConnell by the US Department of Agriculture under the Horse Protection Act several times between 1979 and 2012. According to Roy Exum of The Chattanoogan, "McConnell has a well-known record that includes 30 years of constantly- but because the law is so loose, it has done little more than winking and continuing its journey. "
In 1986, McConnell was named Trainer of the Year by the Walking Horse Trainers Association. However, he has a long history of abuses: In September 1998, McConnell entered the brewed horse, Regal By Generator, at the Tennessee Tennessee National Horse Tennessee 1998 and received a civil fine of $ 2,200 and a five-year disqualification from October 31, 2006., until October 30 2011. In September 1989, McConnell was indicted for exhibiting an Executive Order (owned by Floyd Sherman) at the Tennessee National Horse Walking Festival at Shelbyville while ill. For the offense, he received a civil penalty of $ 2,000 and a two-year disqualification from March 19, 1995, until March 18, 1997. In May 1979, he entered Black Stone's hated Black Threat's Black Power at the Ninth Annual Ninth Shelbyville, Tennessee. A USDA veterinarian classifies this horse as "the most feared horse on the show," has a "weary, steaming, defeated appearance" and testifies that the horse's front legs are covered with scars that rise when touched is found "very sick" causing "Pain very sick. " McConnell received a civil penalty of $ 750 and a six-month disqualification from September 9, 1985, until March 8, 1986. McConnell was also disqualified for a one-sided violation of illness (12 September 2006 to 25 September 2006). McConnell was disqualified for violating the rules of the scar (September 6, 2005 to September 19, 2005). He was disqualified for NHSC 5 Pt. Exam Score (August 8, 2004 to August 21, 2004). He was disqualified for bilateral illness from August 31, 2003, to April 30, 2004. He was disqualified for a one-sided illness from October 6, 2002 to October 19, 2002. McConnell was disqualified for violating the five-year USDA provision. disqualification and suspension from 19 November 2009, up to May 18, 2010.
In April and May 2011, an undercover investigator recorded a recording at McConnell's cage. The tape revealed two workers, Jeff Dockery and John Mays, applying caustic substances that cause torture on hooves and fingernails and hitting animals with wooden beams and electric livestock to keep them standing still during foot palpation. As soon as the undercover tape was released, state authorities raided the McConnell warehouse. After ABC News broadcast the tape, McConnell was banned for life from the greatest events of the Tennessee Walking Horse Organization and was stricken from his hall of fame.
In September 2012, McConnell was found in violation of the federal Horse Protection Act; he was sentenced to a three-year trial and fined $ 75,000. McConnell faces 52 charges of transporting and showing abused horses. He pleaded guilty to one count of animal cruelty in agreement with the prosecutor. US District Judge Harry Sandlin Mattice Jr. received McConnell's request. McConnell faces a five-year prison sentence if the treaty is not accepted. He was asked by the court to write letters about the slaughter of horses, the pain he caused, the long-term effects, and the widespread use.
McConnell also pleaded guilty in state court to 12 of 22 allegations of animal cruelty in 2012. He was sentenced to one year in house arrest and a $ 25,000 fine. Court Judge Weber McGraw convicted Jackie McConnell and two other defendants in July 2013. Jeff Dockery pleaded guilty to three counts of animal cruelty and John K. Mays being fourteen. Dockery was sentenced to three years probation and Mays for four years probation. Under the state agreement, McConnell is not allowed to own or train horses for 20 years. The judge gave McConnell 120 days to sell the remaining two horses. According to The Commercial Appeal , "This is the second time the three men have pleaded guilty rather than facing trial."
The Tennessee Horse Celebration, held every August in Shelbyville, Tennessee, forbids McConnell from entering his grounds "for any and all events, regardless of the affiliation or ownership of the event," according to a statement from the council. "This action is the strongest we can take and it clearly reflects our disgust with Mr. McConnell's actions," said Doyle Meadows, CEO of Celebration.
In 2013, Lee and Mike McGartland entered the horse called The Royal Dollar in the 74th South Merry Carpet Exhibition. The Royal Dollar is placed third in its class, but during post-show examination, an animal officer from the US Department of Agriculture determined that The Royal Dollar is ill. From 2013 to 2016, McGartlands receives further official warnings and is identified as a "violator" on the USDA website. They are suing the USDA, arguing that "enforcement programs deny legal proceedings for those charged with violating and breaching privacy laws by publishing personal information." Until March 2017, their case is still waiting, but their lawsuit may be related to the elimination of animal welfare records from the USDA website.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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