Show jumping

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Show jumps , also known as " jump stadium ", " jump open ", or just " jump ", is part of a group of English horse riding events that also include dressage, eventing, hunters, and equitation. Class jumps are usually seen in horse performances around the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers, sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English occasions, and occasionally show jumps is just one division of a very large, all-breed competition that encompasses the various disciplines that very wide. The jump class can be arranged by various national watchdog organizations, such as the US Horse Federation in the US or the British Performing Association in the UK. The international competition is governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI, from the French name of the body of the FÃÆ'Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration ÃÆ' â € ° questre Internationale ).

Video Show jumping

Hunters or jumpers

Show jump events have a class of hunters, jumper classes and hunting class seating classes.

Hunters are judged subjectively at a level where they meet the ideal standards of etiquette, style, and way of going. In contrast, the jumper class is scored objectively, based entirely on a numerical score determined only by whether the horse tries to obstacle, cleans it, and completes the course within the prescribed time. Jumper courses tend to be much more complex and technical than hunter courses because riders and horses are not judged by style. The courses are often colorful and sometimes, quite creatively designed.

Hunters have a careful turnout and tend to be very calm, conservative horse spikes, and riders' clothes. Bitch hunters, bridles, plants, spurs, and martingales are strictly regulated. Jumper, while caring for their horses and taking care of them well, not scoring on turnout, allowing more equipment, and possibly wearing less conservative clothing, as long as it stays within the rules. Formal participation is always preferred; neat riders give a good impression on the show.

In addition to hunters and jumpers, there are classes of equations, sometimes called equations of hunting, which assess the ability of a rider. The style of equipment, clothing, and fencing used in the equation is more similar to that of the hunter class, although the technical difficulties of the course may be more like a jump event.

Maps Show jumping

Rules

Jumper classes are held during the performance jumps of the show, including vertical, spread, and double and triple combinations, usually with multiple turns and changes of direction. The goal is to jump cleanly on just one set within the specified time. Time error is assessed for exceeding the time limit. Jumping errors occur to drop and striking disagreements, such as rejection (when the horse stops in front of the fence or "runs out") ( see "Modern rules" below ). Horses are allowed to reject in limited numbers before being disqualified. Rejection may cause the rider to exceed the time allowed on the track. Placings are based on the lowest number of points or accumulated "errors". A horse and a rider who has not collected a jumping error or penalty point is said to have scored a "clear spin". Tied entries usually have jumps over the course being raised and shortened, and the course is timed; if the entry is bound to accumulate errors in jumps, the fastest time wins.

In most competitions, riders are allowed to walk on the starting lane but not the jump lane (usually the same path with lost jumps, for example, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 instead of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) before the competition to plan their trip. Walking on the lane before the event is an opportunity for the rider to walk the path he has to drive, to decide how many steps the horse should take between each leap and from which angle. Of course it will take time if a small mistake is made and a big departure will result in disqualification.

Higher competition levels, such as "A" or "AA" performances in the United States, or international "Grand Prix" circuits, present more technical and complex courses. Not only the height and width ("spreading") barriers are increasing to present greater challenges, technical difficulties also increase with tighter bends and shorter or unusual distances between fences. Horses sometimes also have to jump the fence from the corner and not straight. For example, the course designer might draw a line so that there are six and a half steps (the standard size for a canteen step is twelve feet) between jumps, which requires the rider to adjust the horses move dramatically to make the distance.

Unlike the event hunter class, who appreciates serenity and style, the jumper class takes courage, scope, strength, accuracy, and control; speed is also a factor, especially in courses and jump speed classes (when time counts even in the first round). The first round of the class consists of riders and horses who have to walk around the field without refusing or knocking down any jumps while also staying within the allowed time. If the horse/rider combination completes the first half successfully, then they proceed to the second round, called "jumps". In a leap, riders need to plan ahead of time because they have to be very fast and also have no errors. This jump has fewer jumps than the first round but is usually much more difficult. To win this round, the rider must be the fastest while still not resisting or dropping any leaps.

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History

Show jumping is a relatively new equestrian sport. Until the Confinement Story, which came into force in England in the 18th century, there is little need for horses to jump fences on a regular basis, but with this Parliament action comes a new challenge for those who follow the fox dog. The Inclosure Acts brings fences and boundaries to many parts of the country as shared land is spread among separate owners. This means that those who want to pursue their sport now need a horse capable of passing through these obstacles.

In an early horse show held in France, there was a parade of competitors who then set out across the country to jump. This sport, however, is not popular among audiences because they can not keep up to watch the jump. Thus, it was not long before the fence began to appear in the arena for competition. This is known as Lepping . 1869 is the year 'horse jumps' became famous in Dublin horse show. Fifteen years later, the Lepping competition was brought to England and by 1900 most of the more important events had Lepping classes. Separate classes are held for women who ride the saddle.

At this time, the main European cavalry schools in Pinerolo and Tor-di-Quinto in Italy, the French school in Saumur, and the Spanish school in Vienna all prefer to use very deep seats with long stirrups when jumping. While this riding style may feel safer for the rider, it also prevents the freedom of the horse to use its body as far as it takes to clear up big hurdles.

An Italian equestrian instructor, Captain Federico Caprilli, greatly affects the world of jumping with his ideas promoting forward position with shorter stirrups. This style puts the rider in a position that does not disturb the balance of the horse when negotiating obstacles. This style, now known as the front seat, is commonly used today. The inner chairs, dressage style, are useful for climbing on the ground and in conditions where horse control is more important than freedom of movement, less suitable for jumping.

The first major showcase race held in England was at Olympia in 1907. Most of the competitors were members of the military and became clear in this competition and in subsequent years, that there was no uniformity of rules for sport. The judges marked their own opinions. Some are marked according to the severity of the barriers and others are marked according to the style. Before 1907 there was no punishment for rejection and competitors were sometimes asked to escape from the fence to please the audience. The first course was built with a bit of imagination, many of which consisted only of straight bar fences and water jumps. A meeting was arranged in 1923 that led to the establishment of the BSJA in 1925. In the United States, the same need for national regulations to jump and other horse-riding activities led to the establishment of the American Horse Shows Association in 1917, now known as the American Horseracing Federation Union.

The first form of the first jump show was put into the Olympic Games in 1900. Show the jump in its current format emerged in 1912 and has grown tremendously since then, its recent popularity in part due to its suitability as a well-adapted spectator sport for viewing on television.

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Original scoring rate

The original list of errors introduced in England in 1925 is as follows:

• Reject or Run on any fence:

1: 4 error

2nd: 4 other errors added to

3: elimination (ELM)

(Initially, the stadium jump was set as a single track that would sometimes reach five feet in height.Some horses began to duck under this leap instead, which may be the origin of the term "duck" on the fence.) >

• Fall from horses, riders, or both: elimination
• Touch: If a horse touches the fence without dropping it, zero error
• Down rail with front nail: 4 fault
• Crashing with hoofs: 4 errors
• Foot in a water jump: If a horse lands with a few feet in the water: 4 mistakes. No errors occur, but if the block raised in front of the water falls.
• Failure to damage the start or end timers will result in deletion.

Water jumps are at least 15 feet (5 m) wide, though the water often dries out of them by the time the last competitor jumps. The high jump will start with a pole at about five feet in height, but this is then abandoned because many horses go under the pole. For this reason more poles are added and fillers begin to be used. The time penalty was not counted until 1917.

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Modern rules

Rules have evolved since then, with different national federations having different classes and rules. The international governing body for most major jumping competitions is FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration ÃÆ' â € ° questre Internationale (FEI). The two most common types of punishment are punishment jump and time penalty.

• Jumping Punishment: A jumping judgment is assessed for rejection and blocking, with each refusal or cancellation adding four errors to the competitor's score.
• The penalty for dropping is only charged when the knockdown changes the height or width of the jump. If the horse or rider drops the rail at the bottom or middle while still clearing the obstacles, by providing the rails just below the top rail, they do not receive the penalty. The punishment is judged in open waters when one of the horse's legs touches the water or the white band that marks its limit. If the rail is installed in the middle of the water, the error does not accumulate to land on the water.
• Disclaimer: Rejection is now sentenced to four errors, up from three. In recent years, FEI has lowered the number of rejections resulting in removal from three to two, and this rule has trickled from the top level of the FEI competition to another level of horse performances in the United States, but in places like Australia, lower levels (under 1.15m usually) may still have 3 rules of rejection and deletion.
• A rejection resulting in destruction of leap integrity (running to fence instead of jumping, displacing pole, gate, flower, or clump of dirt or large soil) will not accept four faults for knockdown, but instead four errors for additional rejection and penalty while the timer is stopped for repair or replacement of jumps. Rejection in combination (a series of two or more fences with one or two steps between each element) should jump back across combinations.
• Penalty Time: In the past, the usual time rule was a 1/4 second penalty for every second or fraction of a second for the time allowed. Since the beginning of 2000, this rule is changed by FEI so that every second or fraction of one second during the allowed time will result in 1 time penalty (eg with a permitted time of 72 seconds, a time of 73.09 seconds will result in 2 time errors).
• Combination: Rejection of any jump in the result of a combination on the horse must repeat the entire set of obstacles in the order of succession specified, not just the rejected element. So a horse can jump "A" and "B" without problems but has a rejection on the third fence (C), at that time the rider must circle and return to jump the fence "A" again, give the second horse a chance to deny or drop "A "and" B ". Although regarded as one of the constraints, each element can generate a penalty point if it is dropped. Therefore, if each of the three fences in the three combinations is dropped, the rider will receive 12 fault lines (4 per fence instead of 4 faults for all obstacles. "In and out" is an unofficial name intended for combination with only two elements such as "A" and "B", and not specific enough for 3-jump combinations.

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Tack

Show competitors who jump using sophisticated English saddle styles, most often are "close contact" designs, which have a front flap and a flatter seat and cantle than a saddle designed for versatile British style riders or riders. This construction allows greater freedom of movement for the rider when in a jump position and allows shorter stirrups, allowing the rider to lighten the seat on the horse. Another saddle, as designed for clothing, is meant for riders with deep seats, can block riders over large fences, force them into positions that restrict the movement of horses and can put dangerous riders behind horse movements.

At the international level, saddlebags are usually white and box-shaped, allowing spouses to display sponsors, national flags, or breeding affiliations. In contrast, riders in show hunters and even distribution often use "fitting" feather pads that look the same as a saddle. The thickness varies, but usually has contours to make room for the horse's elbow, and many have abdominal shields to protect the underside of the horse from their stud studs when the forefoot is folded tightly below.

Bridles can be used with any style of nanaseband, and there are some rules regarding the severity of this equipment. The number-8 cavesson is the most popular type. Bits can also vary in severity, and competitors may use little, or even "bitless bridles" or hackamore mechanics. The ground jury on the show has the right, however, on the advice of the veterinarian, to refuse a slight scheme or bridle if it can cause damage to the horse.

Boots and sweaters are worn by almost any horse, due to the fact that they can easily injure their legs when landing or when making a tight round at speed. Open-fronted tendon boots are usually worn on the front legs, as they provide protection for the smooth tendons that run on the back of the foot, but still allow the horse to feel the rails should it become careless and hang its legs. Fetlock boots are sometimes seen on the hind legs, especially to prevent horses from hitting themselves with tight bends.

Martingales are very common, especially on horses used at the Grand Prix level. The majority of jumpers are mastered in running martingales because it gives the most freedom over the fence. Although martingale stands (rope that connects directly to the horse's noseband) is usually seen on show hunters and may help in keeping the horse from lifting its head upwards, it may also be very dangerous in case of difficulties, restricting the horse from using its head to regain its balance. For this reason, martingales stands are not used in a jumping or eventing event. Breastplates are also commonly used to keep the saddle in its place as the horse passes through a large fence.

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Motorcycle clothing

The riders' clothes may be somewhat less formal than those used in hunting down the hunters. Horseracing ASTM/SEI mounted helmets are always required, however, and it is a practical need to protect the rider's head in case of a fall. High boots are needed, usually black. Spurs are optional, but commonly used. Traditional colored underwear, usually white, brown, or beige. In approved competition, depending on the organization's sanction, a dark-colored coat is usually worn (though under the wool or USPA jacket is allowed in summer and the lighter color is currently in fashion), with a colored (usually white) ratcatcher and either a choker or a stock tie. In summer weather, many riders wear short-sleeved "polo" style shirts with helmets, boots and trousers, and even where suits are needed, the judges may override the coat rules in very hot weather. Gloves, usually black, are optional, such as woven horsehair and tail.

At the FEI Grand Prix level, clothing is more tightly controlled. Riders should wear white or light-colored shirts, white ties or chokers, black or brown boots, yellowish or bright white pants, and a red or black jacket. Military members, police forces, and national males, however, retain the right to wear their service uniform, not FEI-specified clothing. In some circumstances, international team members may wear a jacket in their respective country colors or add a national badge.

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Competition type

• Grand Prix: highest level of the jump race. Run under the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI) rules, the horse jumps 10 to 16 obstacles, with a height of up to 1.6 meters (5 feet 3 inches) and spreads up to 2.0 meters (6 feet 7 inches). The Grand Prix-level show jumping competitions include the Olympics, World Equestrian Games, and other international events. The jumping Grand Prix event is usually called collectively as a five-star Concours de Saut International (CSI) rule.
• Speed ​​derby
• Puissance: a high jump competition in which the last wall can reach more than seven feet. Currently, (April 2013), the world record is 2.47 m (8 ft 1 in), held by Captain Alberto Larraguibel Morales who rode Huaso, in 1949.
• Six-bar: motorists jump over six hedges arranged in a straight line. In most places, the fence is placed at the same distance apart, the first fence is the lowest and every next fence is higher than the previous one. Horses are either punished or eliminated from the competition if they break down the rails. After each round in which more than one competitor goes "clean," or is bound for the fewest mistakes, six fences are raised high for each subsequent round until there is a winner. Sometimes, if there are multiple jumps, the last fence can be raised up to more than six feet.
• Gambler selection/accumulator: An event in which the participant chooses on his own, with each fence cleared up to a number of points by difficulty. Entries that collect the most points within the specified time limit are of course the winners.
• Calcutta: A jump event in which the audience bets on which horse will win by auction where the highest bidder has an exclusive bet on a given horse. Although the exact mechanisms vary by region and culture, as a rule, audiences who bet on a winner collect all the money bets and then divide the wallet with the winning horse owner.
• Girls, beginners, and borders: Class jumps are limited to horses with less than one, three, or six wins. The fence is usually lower and the deadline is more generous.
Double match or slalom: two identical courses are set up in a separate arena, and two horses skip the course in a timed competition.
• Touch class: Classes are held as a normal class jump class, unless the horse hits the jump, it's considered four errors.
• Errors converted: Classes where each error is changed to seconds on a clock, usually at a rate of 1 second per error (e.g., one rel = 4 seconds)

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Event jump type

Show jumping fences are often colorful, sometimes very elaborate and artistic in design, especially at the highest level of competition. The jump types used include the following:

• Vertical (or upright) - jumps consisting of poles or boards placed just above others without spreads, or widths, to jump
• Oxer - two adjacent verticals, to make the leap wider, also called the spread
  • Square oxer (sometimes known as Box Oxer): both upper poles have the same height
  • Ascending oxer (usually called Ramped Oxer): the pole is furthest higher than the first
  • Descending oxer (usually called Offset Oxer): the farthest pole is lower than the closest
  • Swedish oxer: the poles are tilted in the opposite direction, so they appear to form "X" when viewed in the head
• Triple bar - is a deployment fence that uses three high-pass element
Cross rail - not commonly used in approved horse events, and sometimes called "cross poles," the two poles are crossed with one end of each pole located on the ground and at the leap standard so the center is lower than the sides; used in small shows and for school purposes to help jump horses in the middle of the fence
• Walls - this type of jump is usually made to resemble a brick wall, but "bricks" are made of lightweight material and easily fall when knocked
• Hogsback - a fence scattered with three rails where the highest pole is in the middle
• Filler - this is not a fence type, but is a solid piece under the poles, like a flower box or a roll; it's also probably a gate
• Combinations - usually two or three jumps in a row, with no more than two steps between each; two successive jumps are called dual combinations, and three successive jumps are called triple combinations (if horses reject the second or third elements in one of these combinations, they must skip over the whole combination again, not just the obstacles they miss)
• Fans: the rails on one side of the fence are propagated by default, creating a fan-shaped fence when viewed from above
• Open water: wide ditch
• Liverpool: ditch or large tray of water below vertical or oxen
• Joker - a complicated fence consisting only of rough (or unpainted) rails and two wings where lack of fillers makes the horse difficult to assess its proximity to the fence and also the height of the fence, making it a difficult barrier usually found only in the top division, and illegal in some competitions

At international level competitions governed by FEI rules, the height of the fence starts at 1.50 meters (4 ft 11 inches). Other levels of competition are given different names in different countries, but are based primarily on the height and spread of the fence

In the United States, the jump rate ranges from 0-9 as follows: USEF Jumper Rate

• Level 0. Fence 2? 6? into 2? 9? high and 2? 9? be 3? 0? scattered, triple bars/liverpools to 3? 9?
• Level 1. Fence 2? 9? be 3? 0? high and 3? 0? be 3? 6? scattered, triple bars/liverpools to 4? 0?
• Level 2. Fence 3? 0? be 3? 3? high and 3? 3? be 3? 9? spread out, triple bars/liverpools be 4? 3?
• Level 3. Fence 3? 3? be 3? 6? high and 3? 6? into 4? 0? spread out, triple bars/liverpools be 4? 6?
• Level 4. Fence 3? 6? be 3? 9? high and 3? 9? into 4? 3? spread out, three rods to 4? 9?, Water up to 8?
• Level 5. Fence 3? 9? into 4? 0? high and 4? 0? into 4? 6? spread out, three rods to 5? 0 ?, water up to 9?
• Level 6. Fence 4? 0? into 4? 3? high and 4? 3? into 4? 9? spread, three rods to 5? 3 ?, water up to 10?
• Level 7. Fence 4? 3? into 4? 6? high and 4? 6? to 5? 0? spread out, three rods to 5? 6 ?, water up to 12?
• Level 8. Fence 4? 6? into 4? 9? high and 4? 9? into 5? 3? spread out, three rods to 5? 9 ?, water up to 12? 6?
• Level 9. Fence 4? 9? to 5? 0? high and 5? 0? into 5? 6? spread out, three rods to 6? 0 ?, water to 13?

In Germany, the level of competition is denoted by the letters E, A, L, M, S, and corresponds to altitudes ranging from 0.80 to 1.55 meters.

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Horses

A performance jumper must have the scope and courage to jump large fences as well as athletic ability to handle the sharp turns and bursts of speed required to navigate the most difficult programs. Many horse breeds have become successful jumper shows, and even some class horses from uncertain breeding have become champions. Most show jumper is a tall horse, more than 16 hands (64 inches, 163 cm), usually from Warmblood or Thoroughbred breed, although the horse as small as 14.1 hand (57 inches, 145 cm) has been in the Olympic team from various countries and brought the rider to the Olympics and other international medals. No correlation between the size of the horse and its athletic ability, as well as the tall horse certainly has an advantage when jumping. Nevertheless, the higher horses can make the fence seem less daunting to the rider.

Bangs also compete in the jumper race in many countries, usually in limited classes to young riders, defined as those under the age of 16 or 18, depending on the organization imposing sanctions. Horse-sized horses can, at times, compete in open competition with adult riders. The most notable example is the Stroller, which stands only 14.1 hands (57 inches, 145 cm) but remains an Individual silver medalist and part of the English jump team in the 1968 Summer Olympics, jumping one of several clean spins. in the competition. Significant jumps from the United States are included in the Show Jumping Hall of Fame.

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References

Notes

References

• Clayton, Michael, and William Steinkraus. The Complete Book of Show Jumping. New York: Crown Publisher, 1975. ASIN: B000HFW4KC
• de Nemethy, Bertalan. Classic Jumping Performances: The de Nemethy Method; Complete System for Horse Training and Current Riders. Doubleday, 1988. ISBNÃ, 0-385-23620-4

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External links

• FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration Equestre Internationale (FEI)
• Jump from CN World Cup
• Jump: Big Ben Challenge
• The Four-bar Competition
• Derby Course

Source of the article : Wikipedia