Horses have appeared in artwork throughout history, often as the depiction of horses in battle. Horses rarely appear in modern art in part because horses are no longer significant either as a mode of transport or as a means of war. Most of the modern representations are famous contemporary horses, works of art related to horse racing, or artwork associated with historic cowboys or Native American traditions in western America. In the UK, the fox hunts depiction and the nostalgic rural scenes involving horses are continuing.
Horses often appear in works of art singly, as mounts for important people, or in teams, installing a variety of horse-drawn vehicles.
Video Horses in art
History
Prehistory and the Ancient World
The horse appears in a prehistoric cave painting like the one in Lascaux, which is estimated to be 16,000 years old.
Prehistoric figures have been carved in the form of horses, particularly the White Horse of Uffington, an example of a horse-drawn carvings on the hillside, which has been around for thousands of years continuously into the present day.
The image of the horse is common in ancient Egyptian and Greek art, the more subtle images displaying greater knowledge of the anatomy of horses appearing in Classical Greece and later in Roman work. Train horses are usually depicted in ancient works, for example on Ur Standard around 2500BC. The Horses of Saint Mark is the only surviving example of Classical Antiquity from the monumental Quadriga statue.
The horse was less prevalent in early Christian and Byzantine art, overwhelmed by the dominance of religious themes.
Renaissance and after
The Renaissance period begun in the 14th century brought the awakening of horses in art. These period painters depicting horses include Paolo Uccello, Benozzo Gozzoli, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht DÃÆ'¼rer, Raphael, Andrea Mantegna, and Titian. In 1482 the Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro, commissioned Leonardo da Vinci to create the largest riding statue in the world, a monument to the father of the duke Francesco, but the Leonardo horse never finished, (until then it was replicated at the end 20th century).
In the era of Baroque the tradition of horse portraits has been established, with artists such as Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck and Diego VelÃÆ'¡zquez portraying the great subject on their mounts. The art of horse sports was also established in this era because the tradition of horse racing emerged under Tudor protection.
C18 and C19
George Stubbs, born in 1724, is strongly associated with the riding subjects he knows as a "horse painter". Minor interest in anatomy was applied to the horse he spent for eighteen months to dissect the horse carcass and had a sculptor who produced his study plate. These anatomical pictures help the artists later.
The mid-18th century witnessed the rise of Romanticism, the French artists ThÃÆ' Â © odore GÃÆ' Â © ricault and EugÃÆ'¨ne Delacroix were proponents of this movement and both described the horses in many of their works.
The art of popular horse sports in the 19th century, famous artists of the time Benjamin Marshall, James Ward, Henry Thomas Alken, James Pollard, John Frederick Herring Sr. and Heywood Hardy. Horse races gradually became more established in France and impressionist painters Edgar Degas painted many early racing scenes. Degas is one of the first horse painter to use photographic reference. Eadweard Muybridge's photography studies of animal movements have a major influence on horse art as they enable more artists to understand the horses of gaits.
Rosa Bonheur became famous mainly for the two main jobs: Plowing at Nivernais (in French: Le negating nivernais, le sombrage), and
Isidore Bonheur, the younger brother of Rosa Bonheur, is known as one of the most famous sculptors of 19th century French sculptor. He modeled his statues to capture the motion or posture characteristics of a particular species. Isidore Bonheur achieves this most successfully with horse statues, usually described as relaxed rather than excited, and which is among his most famous works.
C20 and C21
Sir Alfred Munnings is a famous painter who worked in England during the 20th century, he was elected president of the Royal Academy in 1944. He specializes in horse subjects, including horse racing, portraits and studies of gypsies and rural life.
Maps Horses in art
Subject genre
Military and war
The military art often depicts horses in combat and provides some of the earliest examples of horses in art, with cavalry, horse-drawn carriages and horse archers all appearing on ancient artifacts.
In medieval times, cavalry and horse riding battles were described by artists including Paolo Uccello and Albrecht DÃÆ'¼rer. Truman Uccello The Battle of San Romano shows the various stages of the battle. The DÃÆ'¼rer Statue of "Knight, Death and the Devil", 1513 shows a military subject combined with an allegorical theme.
Sir Alfred Munnings was appointed a war artist during World War I, he painted both the Canadian Cavalry Brigade and the Canadian Forest Corps stationed in France. He considers his experience with Canadian units to be one of the most valuable events of his life.
Elizabeth Thompson, known as Lady Butler, is famous for her military art, especially "Scotland Forever" featuring dramatic payloads by Royal Scots Grays.
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Racing full of racing is the inspiration for 19th century Romantic and Impressionist artists. ThÃÆ' Â © odore GÃÆ' Â © ricault painted The Derby in 1821 during his stay in England. The Impressionist era coincided with the development of racing in France, Manet, Degas, and Toulouse-Lautrec, all gaining lasting appeal with the race. Manet shows excitement and racing action and Degas concentrates more on moments before start. Degas is very interested in Muybridge's photographs of moving horse, he copies it with chalk and pencil and uses it for reference in his next work.
The artist's generation before Muybridge photographed the horse with a horseshoe horseshoe with a horse depicted with both front legs stretching forward and his hind legs stretching backwards. A more realistic representation is possible after photography and the work of Muybridge but that does not necessarily lead to the impression of movement in artwork. Luard wrote in 1921 comparing animal walking acts with running and rhythmic air in music, but instantaneous moments were recorded by a photograph as a separate chord with little meaning or context.
George Stubbs and Alfred Munnings have left many jobs involving race horses.
In the 20th century, most of John Skeaping's artwork involves racing, including bronze Hyperion and Brigadier Gerard and racing watercolors.
The American West
Artwork associated with historic cowboys or Native American traditions in western America naturally includes many horse subjects. Artists from West America include Frederic Remington and C.M. Russell is known for his paintings on the subject of horses. Remington was one of the first American artists to illustrate the actual horse-style walk (along with Thomas Eakins), as validated by the famous sequential photographs of Eadweard Muybridge. Remington also captures the horse drama in his bronze statue, the first, Bronco Buster (Williams College Museum of Art), is a critical and commercial success.
Modern art
Inspired by El Greco's, Saint Martin and the Beggar , c. 1597-1600, the Chicago Art Institute Pablo Picasso introduced the horse to his work in 1905-06 especially the Horse Lead Boy , Museum of Modern Art. Franz Marc and others include Susan Rothenberg and Deborah Butterfield who started in the 1970s using horses as a motif in their paintings and sculptures throughout the 20th century. For a large and complex 20th century war painting in which a horse is a major dramatic figure, see Guernica by Pablo Picasso. While the impressionist painter Edgar Degas is famous for his dancer paintings, Degas is also known for his paintings on horses and horse racing.
Hunting
The hunting scene has become a common subject for horse painter. Specialists in the field of fox hunts include Cecil Aldin and Lionel Edwards.
Rural/working life
Lucy Kemp-Welch is famous for her depiction of wild horses and workers in the landscape.
Galeri
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Referensi
Tautan eksternal
- Karya Seni Kuda sepanjang sejarah manusia
- BBC 10 Kuda Besar Dari Sejarah Seni
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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