A horse breed is a population of bred pet horses, often with genealogies recorded in the registry of the breed. However, the term is sometimes used in a very broad sense to define a landrace animal, or a horse that is naturally selected from a common phenotype located within a limited geographical area. Depending on the definition, hundreds of "breeds" exist today, developed for a variety of uses. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on common temperament: "hot blood" is vibrant with speed and endurance; "Cold blood," like a horse draft and some ponies, is suitable for slow and heavy work; and "warmbloods," developed from crosses between hot and cold blood, often focusing on the creation of breeds for special riding purposes, especially in Europe.
Horse races are horse groups with distinctive characteristics that are transmitted consistently to their offspring, such as conformation, color, appearance, or disposition. These inherited traits are usually the result of a combination of natural crosses and artificial selection methods aimed at producing horses for specific tasks. Certain descendants are known for certain talents. For example, Standardbreds are known for their speed in race harness. Some breeds have been developed for centuries of crossings with other breeds, while others, such as the Tennessee Walking Horses and Morgans, are developed from a single horse where all members of the breed are currently down. There are more than 300 breeds of horses in the world today.
Video Horse breed
Asal breed
Modern horse races are developed in response to the need for "functioning forms", the need to develop certain physical characteristics to perform certain types of work. Thus, strong but subtle descendants like Andalusia or Lusitano thrive on the Iberian peninsula while riding a horse that also has great talent for dressing, while heavy horses like Clydesdale and Shire thrive due to the need to undertake demanding agriculture. work and pull heavy carts. The bangs of all breeds were originally developed primarily from the need for worker animals that could meet specific local drafts and transportation needs while surviving in harsh environments. However, in the 20th century, many horse breeds had Arab blood and other blood was added to make the finer horses suitable for riding. Other horse races are developed specifically for light farm work, light and light trains and road works, various horse riding disciplines, or just as pets.
Maps Horse breed
Purebred and registries
Horses have been selectively bred since their domestication. Today, there are more than 300 horses in the world. However, the concept of pure bloodstock and regenerated controlled registers only becomes very important in modern times. Currently, the standards for defining and enrolling different breeds vary. Sometimes pure race horses are called Thoroughbreds, which are not true; "Thoroughbred" is a certain type of horse, while "pure race" is a horse (or other animal) with a pedigree determined by the breed's registry.
Early examples of people practicing selective horse breeding are Bedouins, who have a reputation for careful breeding practices, safeguard their genealogy of the Arabian horses and place great value on pure lineages. Although this genealogy was originally transmitted through oral traditions, the written genealogy of Arabian horses can be found on the date to the 14th century. In the same period of the early Renaissance, Carthusian monks of Spanish horses grew up and kept a very careful lineage of the best bloodstocks; the lineage survives to this day on the Andalusian horse. One of the earliest official registrants is the General Volume Book for Equality Horses, which began in 1791 and traced back to Arabian horses imported into England from the Middle East which became the foundation horses for this breed.
Some breed registrants have closed stud books, where registration is based on pedigree, and no outside animal can enter. For example, a registered Thoroughbred or Arab must have two registered parents of the same type.
Other breeds have partially covered stud books but still allow certain infusions from other breeds. For example, the modern Appaloosa should have at least one Appaloosa parent, but may also have Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, or Arab descendants as long as the offspring show appropriate color characteristics. The Quarter Horse usually requires both parents to be registered Quarter Horse, but permits the registration of "Appendix" horses with one Thoroughbred parent, and the horse can gain a way for full registration by completing certain performance requirements.
Open stud books exist for good horse breeds have not yet developed a strictly defined standard phenotype, or for breeds that register animals that fit the ideal through a process through the studbook selection process. Most of the warmblood breeds used in sports horse disciplines, have open stud books up to various levels. While the pedigree is considered, the outer blood line is accepted into the registry if the horse meets the established standards for the registry. This registrant usually requires a studbook selection process that involves assessing the quality, performance, and conformation of individual animals before enrollment is completed. Some "registrars", especially some colorful registrars, are very open and will allow membership of all horses that meet the limited criteria, such as feather color and species, regardless of pedigree or conformation.
The registry of the breed is also different from their acceptance or rejection of breeding technology. For example, all Jockey Club Thoroughbred registrants require that the Thoroughbred be listed as a natural marriage product, called "live cover". A foal born from two Thoroughbred parents, but with artificial insemination or embryo transfer, can not be enrolled in the Thoroughbred studbook. On the other hand, since the discovery of DNA testing to verify the offspring, most breed registries now allow artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer (ET), or both. High value stallions have helped with acceptance of this technique as they allow horses to breed more horses with each "collection," and greatly reduce the risk of injury during mating. Horse cloning is highly controversial, and at present most major breed breeds will not accept cloned horses, although some cloned and mule horses have been produced. Such restrictions have led to legal challenges in the United States, sometimes under state law and sometimes under antitrust laws.
Hybrids
Horses can interbreed with other horse species to produce hybrids. This hybrid type is not a breed, but they resemble a breed in a cross between a particular horse breed and another horse species producing a distinctive breed. The most common hybrids are mules, crossings between "jack" (male donkey) and mare. The related hybrid, hinny, is a cross between a stallion and a jenny (a female donkey). Most of the other hybrids involve zebra (see Zebroid). With the rare exception, most of the horse hybrids are sterile and can not reproduce. An important exception is the hybrid cross between the horse and Equus ferus przewalskii , commonly known as the Przewalski horse.
See also
- Donkey Ã,§ Donkey domestic donkey
References
Source
- Sponenberg, D. Phillip (1996). "Proliferation of Horse Races". Horse Through Time . Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBNÃ, 1-57098-060-8.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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