Scottish flag (Scottish Gaelic: bratach na h-Alba Scotland: Banner o Scotland ) also known as St. Andrew's Cross or Saltire . As a national flag, Saltire, rather than Royal Standard of Scotland, is the right flag for all individuals and corporate bodies to fly. It is also, if possible, flown from the Scottish Government building every day from 8 am to sunset, with certain exceptions.
According to legend, the Christian apostle and martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, was crucified on an X-shaped cross. The familiar use of the iconography of his martyrdom, showing that the apostle was tied to the X-shaped cross, first appeared in the Kingdom of Scotland in 1180 during the reign of William I It was again depicted on a seal used during the late 13th century, including one used by the Guardians of Scotland, dated 1286.
Using a simplified symbol that does not depict the image of St. Andrew, saltire or crux decussata , (from the Latin crux , 'cross' and decussis i>,' has the shape of the Roman numerals X '), beginning at the end of the 14th century. In June 1385, the Scottish Parliament stipulated that Scottish troops stationed in France would use Saint Andrew's Saint Cross, both front and back, for identification.
The earliest reference to Saint Andrew's Cross as a flag was found at the Vienna Book of Hours , circa 1503, in which the white salte was depicted on a red background. In the case of Scotland, the use of a blue background to the Cross of St. Andrew is said to have originated from at least the 15th century, with the first specific illustration of a flag depicting such emergence in Sir David Lyndsay of the Mountain Scottish Arms Register, around 1542.
The legend surrounding the Scottish association with St. Andrew's Cross is related by Walter Bower and George Buchanan, who claim that the flag came from a 9th-century battle, where ÃÆ' "Engus II leads the combined forces of the Picts and Scots to victory over Angles, led by ÃÆ' Thelstan, supposedly a miraculous white saltire appears in the blue sky and ÃÆ' "Engus's army" rises to victory for omens, consisting of a blue background placed in a white representation of the X-shaped cross, the Saltire is one of the most recognized symbols of Scotland.
Video Flag of Scotland
Design
The heraldic term for X-shaped cross is 'saltire', from the ancient French saultoir or salteur (derived from the Latin saltatorium ), the word for both the type of stile constructed from two cross sections and a cross-sectional cable. In heraldic language, it may be blazoned blue , a saltire argent . The Saltwater tinktur may appear as silver ( argent ) or white, but the term blue does not refer to a specific blue color.
Throughout history the production of natural dye fabrics has been used to apply color shapes, with dyes from plants, including indigo from Woad, having dozens of compounds whose proportions can vary according to soil type and climate; resulting in color variations. In the case of Saltire, blue color variations have resulted in a flag background ranging from blue sky to navy blue. When included as part of Union Flag during the 17th century, the dark blue applied to Union Flags intended for maritime use may be chosen on the basis of dark color durability, with dark blue this finally becoming the standard on Union Flags both at sea and onshore. Some flag manufacturers choose the same blue-color trends from Union Flag to Saltire itself, leading to the various shades of blue depicted on the Scottish flag.
This variation in the shade eventually led to calls to standardize the colors of the national flag of Scotland, and in 2003 the Scottish Parliament committee met to examine a petition that the Scottish Executive adopted Pantone 300 colors as the standard. (Note that the blue is brighter than Pantone 280 Union Flag). After receiving advice from a number of sources, including the office of Lord Lyon King of Arms, the committee recommended that the optimal blue color for Saltire be Pantone 300. The latest version of Saltire is therefore highly converged on this official recommendation. (Pantone 300 is # 005EB8 as a hexadecimal web color.)
The proportion of flags is not fixed, but 3: 5 is most commonly used, like the flags of other countries in the UK. (Producers of flags themselves can adopt alternative ratios, including 1: 2 or 2: 3). Lord Lyon King of Arms states that 5: 4 fits. The width ratio of the bars of the saltire in relation to the width of the plane is specified in the symbol in relation to the width of the shield rather than the width of the flag. However, this ratio, though not rigid, is set as one-third to one-fifth of the width of the field.
Maps Flag of Scotland
History
According to legend, in 832 AD ÃÆ'â € Å"Engine II led the Picts and Scots troops into battle against the Angles, led by ÃÆ'Â € thelstan, near modern Athelstaneford, East Lothian. The legend states that when engaged in prayer on the night of the battle, Ã ¢ â € Å"The engineer swears that if it is given a victory he will appoint Saint Andreas as Saint Protector of Scotland; Andrew then came to ÃÆ'â € Å"The night of his dream and assured him of victory. On the morning the white clouds of battle form the shape of X is said to have appeared in the sky. ÃÆ'â € Å"The energies and their combined forces, fought by these real divine interventions, go down the field and despite being inferior in terms of winning numbers. After interpreting the cloud phenomenon as representing crux decussata where Saint Andrew was crucified, Ã ¢ â € Å"The engine respected his pre-battle promise and properly appointed Saint Andrew as Saint Protector of Scotland. The white saltire set against a blue sky background is said to have been adopted as a Scottish flag design on the basis of this legend.
Although the earliest use as a national symbol can be traced to the seal of The Guardians of Scotland in 1286, material evidence for Saltire is used as a flag, as opposed to appearing on other objects such as seals, brooches or surcoats, dates rather later. The enormous heraldic standard of Great Michael has a "Sanct Androis cors" on a blue background in the Hoist and in 1542 a pile of white salt with a blue background is portrayed as a Scottish flag. The previous example known as the "Blue Blanket of the Edinburgh Trade", supposedly made by Queen Margaret, wife of James III (1451-1488), also shows a white saltire over a blue plane. However, in this case saltire is not the only symbol to be depicted. This is the Trade Flag Incorporated Edinburgh, and the focal point of the Riding of the Marches ceremony is held in the city each year.
Protocol
Used by the Government of Scotland
The Scottish government has decided that Saltire should, if possible, fly in all its buildings every day from 8 am until sunset. Exceptions were made for the "national days" of the United Kingdom, when in buildings where only one flagpole was present, Saltire would be lowered and replaced with the Union Flag. Such flag days are standard throughout the United Kingdom, with the exception of Navy Day Merchants, (September 3rd), which is a special flag day in Scotland where the Red Ensign of Merchant Navy may be flown on land in places of either Saltire or Union Flag.
The further difference of Scotland from the days of the British flag is that on the Day of Saint Andrew, (30 November), Union Flag will only be flown in place of buildings having more than one flagpole; Saltire will not be deployed to make way for Union Flag where there is a single flagpole. If there are two flagpoles or more, Saltire may be flown beside the United Flag but not in a superior position. This difference comes after Scottish Parliamentarians complain that Scotland is the only country in the world where there is potential for citizens not to be able to fly their national flag on their nation's national day. (In recent years, the British Embassy has also flown Saltire to mark St. Andrew's Day). Many Scottish Government agencies use flags as a design basis for their logos; for example, the symbol of Safer Scotland depicts a beam of light shining in the form of saltire into the blue sky. Other Scottish agencies, both private and public, also use saltire in the same way.
Used by military institution on land
Seven British Infantry Infantry battalions from the Scottish Division, plus Scottish troops and the Royal Scots Dragoon Guure regiment, use Saltire in various forms. The combat and transport vehicles of these Army units can be decorated with small estimates, (approximately 130x80mm), representations of Saltire; Such decals are displayed on the front and/or rear of the vehicle. (In this tank can also be displayed on the vehicle turret). In Iraq, during the next Granby Operation and Telic Operation, Saltire was seen flown from the vehicle's whip antenna antenna belonging to these units. The cemetery, which was done with full military honor, the victims of these operations in Iraq, (plus those killed in operations in Afghanistan), have also been seen to include Saltire; a flag draped over the deceased casket at such an occasion.
In the battle for "hearts and minds" in Iraq, Saltire was used again by the British Army as a means of distinguishing troops that included the Scottish regiment from other coalition forces, in the hope of fostering better relations with the civilian population in the area. southwest of Baghdad. Leaflets were distributed to Iraqi civilians, by members of Black Watch, depicting troops and vehicles from the background of Saltire.
Immediately before, and thereafter, a merger in March 2006 from the historic Scottish infantry regiment to form a single Scottish Kingdom Regiment, a multi-million pound advertising campaign was launched in Scotland in an effort to attract recruitment to join in reorganization and simultaneously. renamed "Scottish Infantry". Recruitment campaigns employ Saltire in the form of logos; the words "Scottish Infantry, Forward as One." placed next to a stylish image of Saltire. During the campaign period, this logo is used in conjunction with the traditional Army recruiting logo; the words "Army. Be The Best." placed under a Union Flag-style representation. Although this multi-media campaign has mixed results in terms of overall success, Saltire continues to appear in various Army recruiting media used in Scotland.
Other uses of Saltire by the Army include the hat badge design of the Scottish Kingdom Regiment, which consists of Saltire (silver), overcome by lions (gold) rampant and inaugurated with representations of the Crown of Scotland. (This same design, except for Crown, is used on Regimental flags and flash tactical identifiers from the Royal Kingdom Regiment). Air Force Squadron Air Corps Badge No. 679 (Duke of Connaught) bears a Saltire between two wreaths denoted 'Scottish Horses'; an honor they received in 1971 derived from their relationship with the Royal Artillery. Nursing Corps Training Unit associated with universities in Edinburgh and Glasgow, plus OTC Tayforth University, all featuring Saltire in their hat badge design.
Royal Navy Air Arm Arm Fleet adorned their three planes with Saltire. In particular, the Westland Sea King Mk5 aircraft from HMS Gannet , operates in the Search and Rescue SAR role of Royal Naval Air Station Prestwick, Ayrshire, featuring a Saltire sticker on the nose of each aircraft. (The SAR function is transferred from the Royal Navy to Bristow Helicopters, acting on behalf of HM Coastguard, part of the Maritime and Coast Guard Agency of England, effective from 1 January 2016.)
Though not represented in the form of flags, the Air Squadron No. 602 (City of Glasgow) of the UK Supplementary Air Force uses Saltire overcome by rampant lions as the devices displayed at the top of the squadron. The peak of the former RAF Leuchars station, Fife, also shows Saltire, in this case overcome by a sword. RAF East Fortune's East Lothian symbol also shows the sword to surpass Saltire, but unlike Leuchars, it is shown upside down, and the top of the former RAF Turnhouse station in Edinburgh shows Saltire overcome by the head of an eagle. The East of Scotland University of Salt Squadron peak features Saltire overcome by an open book; the book itself is supported by a rampant red lion.
General use
In Scotland, Saltire can be flown at any time by individuals, companies, local authorities, hospitals, or schools without obtaining written permission. Many local rulers in Scotland flew Saltire from the Council House, but in 2007, the Angus Board approved a proposal to replace Saltire in the Council House with a new Angus flag, based on the council's emblem. The move caused public outrage in Scotland with more than 7,000 people signing a petition against the council's move, leading to a compromise in which the Angus flag would not be replaced but flown with Saltire in the council building.
In the United Kingdom, registered vehicle owners in the United Kingdom have the option to display Saltire in the vehicle license plate, along with the letters "SCO" or alternatively the word "Scotland". In 1999, the Royal Mail issued a series of illustrated stamps for Scotland, with a '2' value stamp depicting the Flag of Scotland. In Northern Ireland, part of the Protestant community routinely uses Saltire as a means of demonstrating and celebrating their Ulster-Scots heritage.
The use of Saltire at sea as the Jack or honor flag has been observed, including as Jack in the Scottish Government's Marine Marine Partrol Vessel (MPV)) Jurassic . The ferry operator Caledonian MacBrayne routinely flies Saltire as Jack on a ship with arc staff, including when the vessel is in progress. This practice has also been observed on Steamer Paddle Waverley when operating in and around the Firth of Clyde. The practice of maritime vessels to adopt Saltire, to be used as a jack jack, or a flag of goodness, can cause confusion that may be because Saltire is very similar to the maritime signal flag M , "MIKE" , which is used to indicate " My ship is stopped; there is no way. " Clearly the sailor who understands this signal code also understands that saltire is displayed on the jackstaff and not as a signal. For the benefit of Scottish sailors who want to showcase Scottish flags other than Saltire, thus avoiding possible confusion and fines, the campaign was launched in November 2007 to seek official recognition for the historic Scottish Red Ensign. Although it has been last used officially by Pre-Union Royal Scots Navy and the merchants fleet in the 18th century, flags continued to be produced by flag manufacturers and unofficial use by civilians over water have been observed.
In May 2016, Saltire was flown from the horse during the Queen's 89th birthday celebrations in Windsor, along with the flags of England, Northern Ireland, and Wales.
Merge into Union Flag
The Saltire is one of the key components of Union Flag that, since its inception in 1606, has emerged in various forms following the first Scottish Flag and the first Merged Flag to mark the Union of the Crowns. (Crown Unity occurred three years earlier, in 1603, when James VI, King of Scotland, accessed the throne of England and Ireland at the death of Elizabeth I of England). The proclamation by King James, made on 12 April 1606, which led to the creation of Union Flag states:
By King: Meanwhile, several distinctions have emerged between our subjects from Southern Britaine and the North traveling by the Sea, about their Flagges bearing: To avoid all the afterlife fights. We have, with the advice of our Council, ordered: That from now on all of our Subjects on this Island and Kingdome of Great Britain, and all our members, will be in their top-toppe, Red Crosse, commonly called St. George's Crosse, and White Crosse, commonly called St. Andrew's Crosse, was happily made together according to the form created by our heralds, and was sent by us to our Admerall to be published to Our Subjects: and in front of them, our Subject from Southern Britaine will be Us likes Red Crosse because they're unusual, and our Subject of Northern Britaine in their fore-toppe White Crosse as they get used to. - 1606.
However, in strong objections to the Union Flag form and pattern designed by the College of Arms and approved by King James, where the Saint George Cross surpassed Saint Andrew, (regarded in Scotland as slightly over the Scottish nation), a large number of ships and shipowners in Scotland addressed this issue with John Erskine, the 18th Earl of Mar, and urged him to send a complaint letter dated August 7, 1606, to James VI, through the Scottish Advisory Council, declaring:
Soverayne is the most sacred. A greate nomad of the maisteris and awnaris schippis of your esteemed king, verie havelie compleint for your Majesteis Counsell that the form and patrone of the schippis flaggis, send the heirs and heirs command to be ressavit and used to be the subject of the royal boith, very prejudiced against fredome and dignitie from this Estate and will gif occasioun reprotche to quhairevir this sal salinity is called a worne out of sea because, because of the sacred majesty you can survive, Scottis Croce, calling Sanctandrois Croce is twyse divydit, and Inglishe Croce, calling Sanct George , haldin haill and drawn through Scottis Croce, which is almost vague and does not carry or brand to be seen from the Scottish Fleet. This will bring up some admiration and misunderstanding between your Majesteis subjectis, and it will be a ferrite that some inconvenientis fall out well, because seyfairing men can not persuade to fly the flag as the doun set. They have drawn two new drachmas and patronis as the most indifferent to the boith kingdom they offered to Counsell, and crave for our same consent; bot we haif your Majesteis princelie determination.
Regardless of the drawings depicted in this letter as indicating the draft of two new patterns, together with the royal response to complaints that may have accompanied them, have disappeared, (perhaps in 1834 Parliamentary Burning), other evidence exists, at least above paper, from a Scottish variant in which the Scottish cross appears at the top. While, in the absence of contradictory evidence, this design is considered by most vexillologists to be unofficial, there is reason to believe that the flag was used during the 17th century for use on Scottish ships at sea. The design of this flag is also described in the edition of 1704 The Present State of the Universe by John Beaumont, Junior, which contains as an Ensign, Color or Flag attachment of Ships at Sea: Belongs to several Princes and Countries in World .
On land, evidence showing the use of this flag appears in the description of Edinburgh Castle by John Slezer, in his engraving series titled Theatrum Scotiae , c. 1693. Appears in the next edition of Theatrum Scotiae , The Edinburgh Northeast View Castle carved depicts Scotch (to use the right adjective for it) period ) version of Union Flag that flies from the Clock Tower of the Palace. Reduced views of this engraving, with the same detailed flag, also appear in Edenburgh Plan, Exactly . However, on the engraving entitled Northern Prospect of Edenburgh City the flag detail, when compared to the above-mentioned carvings, is not clear and does not have saltire-like elements. (Reduced version of North Prospects... , as shown in Edenburgh Plan, Exactly , but featuring an undivided arm of saltire and thus suggestive of the Scottish variant ).
On April 17, 1707, just two weeks before the Acts of Union came into force, Sir Henry St George, the Garter King of Arms, presented some designs to Queen Anne and his Council of Advisers for consideration as a royal flag that would soon unite. from the United Kingdom. At the request of a Scottish representative, the design for consideration includes a version of the Union Flag showing the most important Andrew Crusaders; identified as the "union flag union Scots union as said to be used by the Scots ". However, Queen Anne and her Advisory Council approve Sir Henry's early attempts, (the "one" pattern), showing the Saint George Holy Cross.
From 1801, to symbolize the unity of the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland, a new design, which included St. Patrick's Cross, was adopted for the flag of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The manuscript compiled from 1785 by William Fox, and having the Flag Research Center, including the full plate showing the flag of the sic ] with the addition of St. Patrick's cross, could mean that there was still some insistence on the Scottish variant after 1801.
Despite its unofficial and historic status, the Flag of the Scottish Union continues to be produced by flag manufacturers, and unofficial use by civilians over land has been observed. In 2006 historian David R. Ross called for Scotland to once again adopt this design to "reflect a separate national identity across Britain", but the Union Flag design of 1801 remains the official flag of the entire United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Related flags
Some flags outside the United Kingdom are based on Scottish saltire. In Canada, the reversed representation of the flag (ie blue salt on the white plane), combined with a shield from the royal arms of the Kingdom of Scotland, forms the modern flag of the province of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland") was the first colonial effort of the Scottish Kingdom in America.
The Dutch municipality of Sint-Oedenrode, named after the Scottish princess, Saint Oda, uses a version of the Scottish flag, which is marred by a golden castle that has two fortified sides.
Royal Standard of Scotland
The Royal Standard of Scotland, also known as the Banner of the King of Scots or more commonly known as Lion Rampant of Scotland, is the Royal Scotland Banner of Arms. Used historically by the King of Scotland, the Royal Standard of Scotland differs from the Scottish national flag, The Saltire, because its correct use is limited by the Scottish Parliament Act to only some of the State's Officials officially representing The Sovereign in Scotland. It was also used in official capacity at the Royal residence in Scotland when the Sovereign was absent.
Gallery
See also
- Scottish Flag National Flag
- The European flag
- List of UK flags
- List of Scottish flags
- The Emblem of the Kingdom of Scotland
References
External links
- Court of the Lord Lyon website
- The Scottish Government website - Flag Flying Guidance
- United Kingdom - Official website
- Petition Number 512
- Saint Andrew at the Scottish National Archives
- Saltire - Scotland national flag at VisitScotland
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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