Velma Bronn Johnston (5 March 1912 - June 27, 1977), also known as Wild Horse Annie , is an animal welfare activist. Johnston led a campaign to stop the eradication of mustangs and free burros roaming from public lands. He was instrumental in passing laws to stop using aircraft and land vehicles from catching wild horses and fugitives inhumanely.
Video Velma Bronn Johnston
Personal life
Velma Bronn was born in Reno, Nevada to Joseph Bronn and his wife Gertrude Clay and grew up in the family's "Lazy Heart Ranch". In 1923 he developed polio and was locked up for six months. He married Charles Johnston and they took over the operation of the ranch and then turned it into a "Double Lazy Heart Ranch", a dude farm for children. The name of the farm was changed to include Charles in the family business. Johnston also works as a secretary for insurance companies.
Maps Velma Bronn Johnston
Fight for the humane treatment of free horse roaming
Driving to work one day, in 1950 Johnston followed a truck packed with horses and saw blood dripping from behind. He followed her to the slaughterhouse and upon learning that they were a free-wheeling horse collected from private land and land in the Nevada Virginia Range he was taking action to ensure a more humane treatment of a horse that was free to roam when it was captured and transported.
On the initiative and action of Nevada State Senator Walter Baring, Nevada passed a bill that makes free roaming rounds by illegal aircraft and cars on state and private lands. act Although horses are free to roam in all countries in the State under the jurisdiction of state laws, Federal soils, managed mainly by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, covering almost 85% of the land in Nevada exempt from law because of objections from institutions that the law will hamper efforts to remove horses from federal lands. Since most of Nevada is excluded from the law, Johnston continues to fight to protect the free-to-run horses across the state and across federal lands in the west. He began a mass mailing campaign by students for Senators and Congressmen. On September 8, 1959, the campaign resulted in a federal legislature that passed Public Law 86-234 which prohibited land and air vehicles from hunting and catching horses roaming freely in federal lands. This is known as the Wild Horse Annie Act .
The share of the Wild Horse Annie Act does not ease the worries of free-roaming horsemen, who continue to lobby for federal rather than state control over the disposition of free-running horses. Since most horses in the desert area recently descended from horse breeders, livestock free ownership was controversial, and breeders continued to use planes to collect them. Johnston resumed his campaign and in 1971, the 92nd US Congress unanimously passed the Wild and Free -Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971. Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 15, 1971. This action prohibited the arrest, injuries, or hooves and loose free roams.
Legacy
In 1959, Johnston was featured in Time magazine. The 1961 Western The Misfits on the manuscript by Arthur Miller, the last films of Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe and also starring Montgomery Clift, describes a horse outside Reno and on the road opposed by Johnston; in the film, Monroe's character becomes disgusted with the method, leading to climax clashes between characters.
Johnston himself appeared in Robert McCahon 1973 West Running Wild as himself, starring alongside Lloyd Bridges and Dina Merrill.
Johnston died at the age of sixty-five years of lung cancer in Reno, Nevada on June 27, 1977. He was buried with his parents, husband and brother at Mountain View Cemetery in Reno, NV.
References
Further reading
- Marguerite Henry (1966). Mustang. Wild Spirit of the West. Chicago: Rand McNally & amp; Company. (children's novel)
- Alan J. Kania (2012). "Wild Horse Annie: Velma Johnston and his Opponent Saving the Mustang." University of Nevada Press. (non-fiction biography)
- Deanne Stillman (2008). "Mustang: Wild Horse Saga in the American West." Houghton Mifflin. (adult novels)
- Mitchell Bornstein (2015) "Last Chance Mustang". New York: St. Martin's Press. (non-fiction)
External links
- Velma Bronn Johnston on IMDb
- "Historical Dictionary Horse Certificate". Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008.
- "Denver Collects Velma Johnston's paper at the Denver library". Denver Public Library . Retrieved December 30 2009 .
- "Wild Horse Annie, International Society to protect Mustangs and Burro's first president". The International Society for the protection of mustangs and burros . Retrieved December 30 2009 .
- "American wild horse protection". Return to Freedom . Retrieved December 30 2009 . article
- from 2005 on the latest challenge to the law the "Wild Christian Horror" (The Christian Science Monitor)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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