Polo is a team sport played on horseback. The goal is to score against the opposing team. Score players by riding a small, hard white ball into the opposing team's goal using a long-handled wooden hammer. Modern polo sports are played on a grass pitch 300 x 160 yards (270x150 m). Each polo team consists of four riders and their polo horses.
The polo arena has three players per team and the game usually involves more maneuvers and shorter games with lower speed due to space arena limitations. The polo arena is played with a small ball filled with air, similar to a little football.
Modern games usually last one to two hours and are divided into periods called chukka (or "chukkers"). Polo is played professionally in 16 countries. Polo is an Olympic sport from 1900 to 1936.
Video Polo
Histori
Origins
Polo discovery dates from the 6th century BC to the 1st century. The exact origins are unknown, although China, India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan all claim to be the birthplace of polo. Valuable for cavalry training, the game was played from Constantinople to Japan in the Middle Ages. This may have started as a simple game played by nomads installed in Iran and Turkey in Central Asia, from which he spread to Persia and beyond. The ancient variations of polo, regionally referred to as buzkashi or kokpar , are still played in parts of Asia.
Sport entered Persia during the period of Parthian Empire (247 BC to 224 AD). In Persia, polo enjoys great patronage under kings and nobles and is known as chovgan . The game continued to be supported by the Mongol rulers of Persia in the 11th century, as well as under the Safavid dynasty. Emperor Shapur II learned to play polo when he was seven years old in 316 AD, and in the 17th century Naqsh-i Jahan Square in Isfahan was built as a polo field by King Abbas I. The game was also studied by Imperial Byzantine neighbors at an early date. A tzykanisterion (stadium for playing tzykanion , Byzantine name for polo) was built by emperor Theodosius II (reigned 408-450) inside the Great Palace of Constantinople. Emperor Basil I (c 867-886) excelled in that; Emperor Alexander (reigned 912-913) died of exhaustion while playing and John I of Trebizond (r.1235-1238) died of a fatal injury during the game. After the Muslims conquered the Ayyubid dynasty and Mameluke in Egypt and the Levant, their elites preferred all other sports. Famous sultans like Saladin and Baybars are known to play it and push it in their courts. The pod is a feature on Mameluke's predecessor to the modern playing cards.
From Persia, the game spread to South Asia where it has had a strong presence in the north western regions of Pakistan today (including Gilgit, Chitral, Hunza and Baltistan) since at least the 15th-15th century. The name polo is said to be derived from the word Balti "pulu", meaning ball. Qutubuddin Aibak, a Turkish slave from Central Asia who later became the sultan of Delhi in North India, ruled as Sultan for only four years, from 1206 to 1210, died accidentally during a polo match when his horse fell and he was impaled on his saddle. Polo is likely to travel through the Silk Road to China where it is popular in the Chinese Tang Dynasty capital, Chang'an, and is also played by women, who wear menswear to do so; many Tang dynasty tomb figures of female players survive.
Modern games
India and the UK
The modern game of polo comes from Manipur, India, where the game is known as 'Sagol Kangjei', 'Kanjai-bazee', or 'Pulu'. It was the last anglisised form, referring to the wooden ball used, which was adopted by the sport in its slow spreading to the west. The first polo club was founded in the town of Silchar in Assam, India, in 1833.
The origins of the game in Manipur traced back to Sagol Kangjei's early precursors. It is one of the three forms of hockey in Manipur; the other is field hockey (called Khong Kangjei) and wrestling hockey (called Mukna Kangjei). Local rituals such as those relating to Marjing, the Polo Winged Pony and the Lai Haraoba festival-creating rituals devoted to the life of his son, Khori-Phaba, the polo-playing sports god. This may indicate the origin earlier than the historical record of Manipur. Then, according to Chaitharol-Kumbaba, Royal Chronicle of Manipur King Kangba who ruled Manipur earlier than Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (33 AD) introduced Sagol Kangjei (Kangjei on horseback). Further regular play of the game began in 1605 during the reign of King Khagemba under the newly framed game rules. But it was the first Mughal emperor, Babur, who popularized sports in India and ultimately had a significant influence on England.
In Manipur, polo is traditionally played with seven players to the side. The players were installed in the native Manipuri pony, which stood less than 13 hands (52 inches, 132 cm). There is no goalpost, and the player scores just by hitting the ball out of one end of the field. The player hits the ball with the long side of the head of the hammer, not the tip. Players are not allowed to carry the ball, although blocking the ball with body parts unless open arms are allowed. The cane is made of sugar cane, and the ball is made of bamboo root. Players protect their feet by installing a protective skin to their saddles and girths.
In Manipur, the game is played even by commoners who have ponies. The kings of Manipur have a royal polo land inside their fortress Kangla Castle. Here they play Manung Kangjei Bung (literally, "Inner Polo Ground"). Public games are held, as they are still today, at Mapan Kangjei Bung (literally "Outer Polo Ground"), a polo field outside Kangla. The weekly game called Hapta Kangjei (Weekly Polo) is also played on the polo field outside the Palace at this time.
The oldest polo land in the world is the Imphal Polo Ground at Manipur State. The history of this pologround is contained in the chronicle of the kingdom "Cheitharol Kumbaba" starting from AD 33. Lieutenant (then Major General) Joseph Ford Sherer, the father of modern polo visiting the country and playing in this polo land in the 1850s. Lord Curzon, the young king of India visited the country in 1901 and measured the polo ground as "225 yards long and 110 meters wide" 225 x 110 yards (206 by 101 m).
In 1862 the oldest polo club still existed, the Calcutta Polo Club, was founded by two British soldiers, Sherer and Captain Robert Stewart. Then they spread the game to their friends in England. Britain is credited with spreading polos around the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries at the height of its empire. Military officers imported games to Britain in the 1860s. The formation of polo clubs throughout England and Western Europe followed after codification of official rules. The 10th Hussars at Aldershot, Hants, introduced the polo to England in 1834. The game game body in England was the Polish Association of Hurlingham, which compiled the first set of official English rules in 1874, many of which still exist.
The polo version that was played in the 19th century differs from the faster form played in Manipur. The game is slow and methodical, with little passing between players and some sets of dramas that require special moves by participants without the ball. Both players and horses are trained to play fast nonstop games. This polo form lacks aggressive methods and horse riding skills to play. From the 1800s to the 1910s, a number of teams representing the Indian kingdom dominated the international polo scene.
The Champions League polo was launched in Jaipur in 2016. It is a new version of polo, similar to the cricket T20 format. The pitch was made smaller and accommodated a lot of spectators. The First World Polo Champions League Event takes place in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, with space for 10,000 spectators. The rules are changed and the duration is shorter. Officially played April 7-9 at Bhavnagar, including most decorated Indian polo player Samir Suhag, Shamsher Ali, foreign players Richard Henriques of Ireland and South Africa and others participated. Six teams were launched and Iscon Hemvijaya emerged as the winner, while the IPCL became runner up. Argentina
British settlers in pampas Argentina started practicing polo during their free time. Among them, David Shennan is credited for having arranged the country's first formal polo game in 1875, at Estancia El Negrete, located in the province of Buenos Aires.
Sports spread rapidly among skilled gauchos, and several clubs opened in the following years in the cities of Venado Tuerto, CaÃÆ' Â ± there de GÃÆ'³mez, Quilmes, Flores and then (1888) Hurlingham. In 1892 The River Plate Polo Association was established and is the basis for the current Asociación Argentina de Polo. In the Olympic Games held in Paris in 1924, a team formed by Juan Miles, Enrique Padilla, Juan Nelson, Arturo Kenny, G. Brooke Naylor and A. PeÃÆ' Â ± earned the first gold medal for the country's Olympic history; this also happened in Berlän 1936 with players Manuel Andrada, AndrÃÆ'Â s Gazzotti, Roberto Cavanagh, Luis Duggan, Juan Nelson, Diego Cavanagh and Enrique Alberdi.
The game is spread across the country, and Argentina is globally credited as the polo capital, and Argentina is the country with the largest number of 10 handicap players in the world.
Five teams were able to collect four disabled players each, to make 40 disabled teams: Coronel Suárez, 1975, 1977-1979 (Alberto Heguy, Juan Carlos Harriott, Alfredo Harriot and Horacio Heguy); La Espadaà ± a, 1989-1990 (Carlos Gracida, Gonzalo Pieres, Alfonso Pieres and Ernesto Trotz Jr.); Indios Chapaleufú, 1992-1993 (Bautista Heguy, Gonzalo Heguy, Horacio Heguy Jr. and Marcos Heguy); La Dolfina, 2009-2010 (Adolfo Cambiaso Jr., Lucas Monteverde, Mariano Aguerre and Bartolomà © Ã… © Castagnola); Ellerstina, 2009 (Facundo Pieres, Gonzalo Pieres Jr., Pablo Mac Donough and Juan MartÃÆ'n Nero).
The three major polo tournaments in Argentina, known as "Triple Corona" ("Triple Crown"), are Hurlingham Polo Open, Tortugas Polo Open, Palermo Polo Open. The Polo season usually runs from October to December.
Polo has found popularity across America, including Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and the United States.
United States
James Gordon Bennett Jr. on May 6, 1876 set what was billed as the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at 39th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City. Historical records state that James Gordon Bennett founded the Westchester Polo Club on May 6, 1876 and on May 13, 1876, Jerome Park Racetrack in Westchester County was the site of America's first "outdoor" polo game.
H.L. Herbert, James Gordon Bennett, and August Belmont finance the original Grounds of New York Polo. Herbert stated in an article in 1913 that they formed the Westchester Club after the first "outdoor game" was played on May 13, 1876. This goes against the club's history record set up before the Jerome Park game..
There is much evidence that the first person to play polo in America was actually the British Texans. The Galveston News reported on May 2, 1876 that Denison Texas had a Polo Club that before James Gordon Bennett founded the Westchester Club or tried to play the "first game". Tim Denison sent a letter to James Gordon Bennett challenging him for the match. The challenge was published June 2, 1876 at The Galveston Daily News. By the time the article came out on June 2, Club Denison had received a letter from Bennett showing the challenge it offered before the "first" game in New York.
There is also an urban legend that the first game of polo in America played in Boerne, Texas on retired British officer Captain Glynn Turquand the famous Balcones Ranch The Boerne, the Texas legend also has a lot of evidence that shows the fact that polo was played in Boerne before James Gordon Bennett Jr ever took polo hammer.
During the early part of the 20th century, under the leadership of Harry Payne Whitney, polo turned into a high-speed sport in the United States, different from the game in England, where it involves short bait to move the ball towards the opponent. aim. Whitney and his team-mates used a quick break, sending long passes down to the riders who had slipped out of their backpacks at full speed.
In the late 1950s, polo champion and Director of the Long Island Polo Association, Walter Scanlon, introduced a "short", or "European" style, four match periods, to a polo game.
Maps Polo
Rules
Polo rules are written and used to provide security for players and horses. Rules apply in the game by the referee who blows the whistle when a penalty occurs. The strategic rotation in the polo is based on the "ball line", the imaginary line created by the ball as it moves down the field. This line traces the ball path and extends past the ball along the track. The ball line defines rules for players to approach the ball safely. The "ball line" changes whenever the ball changes direction. Players who hit the ball generally have the right to the road, and other players can not cross the ball line in front of the player. As players approach the ball, they rise on either side of the ball line giving each access to the ball. A player can cross the ball line when it does not create dangerous situations. Most of the offense and penalty kicks are related to players who do not properly cross the ball line or right the way. When a player has a ball line on his right side, he has the right to do so. A "ride" is when a player moves another player from the ball line by making shoulder-to-shoulder contact with another player's horse.
The defender has various opportunities for his team to get the ball. He can push the opponent off the line or steal the ball from the opponent. Another common defensive game is called "hooking." While a player takes a stand at the ball, his opponent can block a swing by using a hammer to hammer a swinging player in the ball. A player can associate only if he is on the side where the swing is being made or just behind the opponent. A player may not intentionally touch another player, his tactics or pony with his hammer. Unsafe hooking is a breach that will result in a given penalty shot. For example, it is a violation for a player to reach more than an opponent's mount in an attempt to hook.
Another basic defensive play is called a bump or ride-off. This is similar to a body check on hockey. On a journey, a player rides his pony beside an opponent's ride to move an opponent away from the ball or to get him out of the game. It must be implemented properly so as not to harm the horse or the players. The contact angle must be secure and can not make the horse lose its balance, or harm the horse in any way. Two players follow the ball line and riding one another has the right to a man coming from any direction.
As in hockey or basketball, offense is a malicious game that breaks game rules. For beginner audiences, violations may be difficult to see. There is a level of dangerous and unfair game and a penalty kick is given depending on the degree of infringement and where the offense is committed on the polo field. The white line on the polo field indicates where the central court sentence, sixty, forty and thirty yards is taken.
The set of rules and interpretations of official rules are reviewed and published annually by the respective country polo associations. Most of the smaller associations follow the rules of the Polo Hurlingham Association, the national polo sporting body in the United Kingdom, and the United States Polo Association.
Outside Polo
The outdoor or field polo consists of four to eight chukka 7 minutes, between or during players changing the mounts. At the end of every 7 minutes of chukka, play for 30 extra seconds or until stoppage in the game, whichever occurs first. There was a four minute interval between chukka and ten minutes of the first half. Play continuously and only stop for penalties, broken tactics (equipment) or injury to horses or players. The goal is to score by hitting the ball in between the goal, no matter how high in the air. If the ball widens from the goal, the defending team is left 'knock-in' free from where the ball passes across the goal line, so the ball returns to play.
Indoor and Polo Arena
The polo arena has rules similar to the field versions, and is less heavy for players. It is played in a covered arena 300 to 150 feet (91 by 46 m), like an arena used for other horse riding sports; the minimum size is 150 times 75 feet (46 times 23 m). There are many arena clubs in the United States, and most polo clubs, including Santa Barbara Polo & amp; Raquet Club, has an active arena program. The main differences between outdoor and indoor games are: speed (outdoor becomes faster), physical/roughness (indoor/arena more physical), ball size (indoor larger), target size (because smaller arena is smaller), and some punishment. In the United States and Canada, the college polo is a polo arena; in the UK, college polo is both.
The shape of the polo arena includes beach polo, played in many countries between teams of three riders on the sand surface, and cowboy polo, played almost exclusively in the western United States by teams of five riders on the ground.
Another modern variant is the snow polo, which is played in snow compacted on flat ground or frozen lake. Snow polo format varies depending on the space available. Each team is generally made up of three players and light, light-colored plastic ball is preferred.
Snow polo is not the same sport as polo ice, which was popular in the US in the late 1890s. The sport is similar to ice hockey and bandy but dead completely support Canada's ice hockey rules.
The popular combination of polo and lacrosse sports is a polocrosse game, developed in Australia in the late 1930s.
This sport is regarded as a separate sport because of differences in team composition, equipment, rules, game facilities, etc.
Polo is not played exclusively on horseback. Polo variants like these are mostly played for recreational or tourist purposes; they include polo canoes, polo cycles, camel polo, elephant polo, golfcart polo, segway polo and yak polo. In the early 1900s in the United States, cars were used instead of horses in polo sports Auto. Hobby Horse Polo uses hobby horses instead of ponies. It uses part of the polo rules but has its own specialization, such as 'Death penalty'. The Hobby Horse variant began in 1998 as a fun sport in southwestern Germany and led the year 2002 to the foundation of the First KurfÃÆ'¼rstlich-KurpfÃÆ'¤lzisch Polo-Club in Mannheim. Meanwhile, they are increasingly interested in other German cities.
Polo Club
All tournaments and levels of games and players are organized within and between polo clubs, including membership, rules, security, the field, and the arena.
Club Polo (or County Polo in the UK) is usually supervised by qualified instructors or referees. In England, the County Polo Association was formed in 1898 * to safeguard the interests of state clubs and to run the County Cup Tournament), three London polo clubs - Hurlingham, Ranelagh and Roehampton - and from all associations within the Empire where the polo was played.
Polo Pony
The mounts used are called 'polo horses', although the term horses are purely traditional and the actual mounts are full-sized horses. They range from 14.2 to 16 hands (58 to 64 inches, 147 to 163 cm) high at the withers, and weigh 900-1,100 pounds (410-500 kg). Horses are chosen carefully for quick bursts of speed, stamina, agility, and maneuverability. Temperament is very important; the horse must remain responsive under pressure and not be excited or difficult to control. Many of them are the True Cross. They are trained to be handled with one hand in control, and to respond to foot and weight of the rider to move forward, spin and stop. Well trained horses will carry the rider smoothly and quickly to the ball and can achieve 60 to 75 percent of the player's skills and net worth for his team.
Training pony pits generally begin at the age of three years and lasts about six months to two years. Most horses achieve full physical maturity around the age of five, and ponies are at the top of their athletic and training around the age of 6 or 7. However, without accidents, polo horses may have the ability to play until they are 18 to 20 year. age.
The Argentine Polo Farmers Association (which is an organization that registers the Polo Pony Argentine offshoot) has indicated that on average, this race has a height of 1.56 meters and an average weight of between 400 and 500 kilos.
Each player must have more than one horse, to allow tired mounts to be replaced with fresh ones between or even during a chukkas. The "fishing pole" of the polo horse is probably number 2 or 3 in the Low Gol game (with horses resting at least chukka before reuse), 4 or more for the Intermediate Goals (at least one per chukka), and even more for the highest level of competition.
Player
Each team consists of four players installed, which can be a mixed team, both men and women.
Each position assigned to a player has certain responsibilities:
- Number One is the most field-oriented position on the field. Position Number One generally includes the Number Four opponent team.
- Number Two has an important role in the violation, either through and printing itself, or forwarding to Number One and getting behind them. Defensively, they will include the No. 3 opposing team, generally the other team's best players. Given the difficulty of this position, it is not uncommon for the best players on the team to play Number Two as long as other powerful players are available to play Three.
- Number Three is a tactical leader and must be a strong hitter to feed the ball to Number Two and Number One and maintain a strong defense. The best player in the team is usually the Number Three player, usually using the highest defects.
- Number Four is the main defense player. They can move anywhere in the field, but they usually try to prevent scoring. The emphasis on defense by Number Four allows Number Three to try a more offensive game, because they know that they will be covered if they lose the ball.
Polo must be played with the right hand to prevent direct collision.
Tools
A player's basic dress is a protective riding helmet (usually with a distinctive color, to be distinguished at a considerable distance from where the audience is watching the game), riding shoes under the knees, white pants (often denim jeans), and colored shirts with the number of player positions. Optional equipment includes one or two gloves, bracelets, kneepads (mandatory in some clubs), spurs, face masks, and whips. The only equipment required by the US Polo Association (USPA) regulations is a helmet or hat with a chin strap.
Ball
Modern outdoor polo ball is made of high-impact plastic. Historically they were made of bamboo, cork covered in leather, hard rubber, and for years the willow roots. Initially the English people use cricket skin covered in white painted leather.
The outdoor polo ball rule measures 3 inches (7.6 cm) to 1 / 2 inch (8, 9 Ã, cm) with diameter and weight 3 1 / 2 ounces (99Ã, g) to 4 1 / 2 ounces (130g).
The plastic ball was introduced in the 1970s. They are less susceptible to damage and much cheaper.
The indoor polo ball and the arena are covered with leather and inflated, and approximately 1 / 2 inch (11 cm) with diameter.
It should be no less than 12.5 inches (32 cm) or more than 15 inches (38 cm) in circumference. Weight should be not less than 170 grams (6.0 oz) or more than 182 grams (6.4 oz). In a bounce test of 9 feet (2.7 m) on concrete at 70 Â ° F (21 Â ° C), the rebound should be at least 54 inches (140 cm) and maximum 64 inches (160 cm) at the inflation rate determined by the manufacturer. It provides a hard and lively ball.
Mallet
The polo hammer consists of a sugarcane rod with a rubber-covered handle, a jumpered thong, called a sling, to wrap around the thumb, and a wooden cigar-shaped head. The shaft is made of manau-cane (not bamboo, which is hollow) although a small amount of hammer today is made of composite material. Composite materials are usually disliked by top players because the composite hammer shaft can not absorb vibration as well as traditional sugarcane hammers. The hammer head is generally made of hardwood called tipa, approximately 9 / 4 "inches long.The head of the hammer weighs from 160 g ( 5.6 oz) to 240 g (8.5 oz) depending on the player's preference and the type of wood used, and the shaft can vary in weight and flexibility depending on player preferences The weight of the hammer head is an important consideration for more experienced players. Female players often use lighter hammers than male players For some polo players, the length of the hammer depends on the size of the horse: the higher the horse, the longer the hammer, but some players prefer to use one long hammer regardless of the height of the horse.However, with different altitudes requiring adjustment by the rider.The varying length of spikes usually ranges from 127 cm (50 inches) to 134 cm (53 in.) The term hammer is used exclusively in US English, I English England prefers the term Saddle
Saddle Polo is an English style, close contact, similar to a saddle jump; although most saddles do not have polo cover under the billet. Some players will not use saddle blankets. The saddle has a flat seat and no knee pad; motorists adopt the front seat-leaning and the knees are closed in contrast to the classic dressage seats. A chest cover is added, usually affixed to the front billet. Martingale stands should be used: so, the chest cover is a necessity for security. Ties are usually supported by a neck strap. Many saddles also experience overgirth. Iron stirrups are heavier than most, and stirrup skin is wider and thicker, for added safety when the player stands in stirrups. Horse legs wrapped with polo wrap from below knee to fetlock to minimize pain. Jumping (open front) or gallop boots are sometimes used together with polo wraps for additional protection. Often, this bandage matches the color of the team. The horse mane is most often around (stuck), and its tail is anchored or braided so it will not tear the rider's hammer.
Polo is driven with dual control for greater signal accuracy. Bit is often a bit of a gag or a bit of Pelham. In both cases, gag or rein shank will be the lower control in the rider's hand, while the snaffle control will be the top control. If the gag bit is used, there will be a noseband drop in addition to the cavesson, which supports tie-down. One set of repetitions can alternately gain control.
Column
The playground is 300 times 160 yards (270 times 150 m), an area of ​​about six soccer fields or 9 soccer fields (10 acres)., While the polo arena is 96 x 46 meters. Play fields are carefully preserved with well-trimmed grasses, providing a safe and fast playing surface. The goal is a post that is set eight separate yards, centered on each end of the field. The polo surface area requires careful and constant care of the base to keep the surface in good play condition. During the half-time of the game, spectators are invited to go to the field to participate in a polo tradition called "divot stamping", developed not only to help replace the divots torn by the horses. 'Nails, but also to give the audience an opportunity to walk and socialize.
Contemporary sports
Polos are played professionally in many countries, especially Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dominican Republic, France, Germany, Iran, India, New Zealand, Mexico, Pakistan, Jamaica, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United Kingdom, and now an active sport in 77 countries, and although his tenure as an Olympic sport was limited to 1900-1939, in 1998 the International Olympic Committee recognized it as a sport with a bona fide international body, the International Federation of Polo. The World Polo Championships are held every three years by the International Federation of Polo.
Polo is unique among team sports in the amateur player, often a patron team, regularly hiring and playing with top sports professionals.
The most important tournaments in the world, at club level, are Abierto de Tortugas, Abierto de Hurlingham and Abierto Argentino de Polo, all in Argentina (La Corona).
The United States Polo Association (USPA) is the governing body of polo in the US. The US is the only country to have a separate female polo, run by the United States Women's Polo Federation.
East and Southeast Asia
Polos have been played in Malaysia and Singapore, both of which are former British colonies, since they were introduced to Malaya in the late 19th century. The Royal Johor Polo Club was formed in 1884 and the Singapore Polo Club was formed in 1886. The oldest polo club in Malaysia's modern state is the Selangor Polo Club, which was founded in 1902. It is mostly played by nobles and political and business elites.
Polo played in Southeast Asian Games 2007 and 2017 Southeast Asian Games. Countries competing in tournaments are Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines (2007) and Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand (2017). The 2007 tournament gold medal was won by the Malaysian team, followed by Singapore with silver and Thailand with bronze while the 2017 gold tournament medal was won by Malaysia, followed by Thailand with silver and Brunei with bronze.
The traditional style or 'freestyle' Polo or Pulu North Pakistan is still played very fiercely in its home region, and the annual Shandur Polo Festival at Shandur Top in Chitral District. This is a famous international event attended by many fans from all over the world. Shandur polo ground is said to be the highest polo ground in the world, at around 3,734 meters,
The recent revival in Southeast Asia has resulted in popularity in cities such as Pattaya, Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. In Pattaya itself, there are 3 active polo clubs: Polo Escape, Siam Polo Park, and Thai Polo and Equestrian Club. Indonesia has a polo club (Nusantara Polo Club). Recently, Janek Gazecki and Australian professional Jack "Ruki" Baillieu have organized a polo match in the park "around the Australian metropolis, backed by wealthy sponsors."
The Chinese Riders Association has been formed with two new clubs in China itself: Beijing Sunny Time Polo Club, founded by Xia Yang in 2004 and Nine Dragons Hill Polo Club in Shanghai, founded in 2005.
West Asia
Polo is not widespread in West Asia, but still counts 5 active clubs in Iran, 4 active polo clubs in the UAE, one club in Bahrain and The Royal Jordanian Polo Club, in Amman, Jordan.
Polo in Iran is governed by the Iranian Polo Federation. There are five polo clubs in Iran: Ghasr-e Firoozeh, Nowroozabad, Army Army, Kanoon-e Chogan and Nesf-e Jahan. Iran has some of the best polo grasslands in the region. The country currently has more than 100 registered players of which about 15% are women. Historically, Kurdish and Persian Arabian horses are the most widely used for polo. This may also be the case in ancient times. Today, great horses are increasingly used with Kurdish and Persian horses. Some players also experimented with Anglo-Arabians. Iran still refers to a polo game with the original Persian name "Chogan", meaning hammer. Iran still retains some of the ancient rituals of the game in official polo matches.
ireland
Polo first started Irish history in 1870 with the first official match played in Gormanstown Strand, Co Meath. Three years later, All Irish Polo Clubs was founded by Mr. Horace Rochford in Phoenix Park. Since then the sport has continued to expand with seven other clubs opening across the country. This sport has also been made more accessible to these clubs by creating more affordable training programs such as from beginner to pro on Polo Wicklow .
Important players/10 players handicap
Variant
Sagol Kangjei, discussed above, is practically a polo version although it can also be seen as the predecessor of the modern outdoor polo.
Related sports
- Polo cowboys use rules similar to ordinary polo, but riders compete with western saddles, usually in smaller arenas, using rubber rubber balls.
- Horseball is a game played on horseback where a ball is handled and points are printed by shooting it through a high net. This sport is a combination of polo, rugby, and basketball.
- Pato was played in Argentina for centuries, but is much different from the modern polo. No hammer is used, and it's not played on the grass.
- Polocrosse is another game played on horseback, a cross between polo and lacrosse.
- The water polo shares the name with a polo, but looks more like a handball.
Polo about other means of transportation
- Auto polo is a motorsport found in the United States with rules and equipment similar to polo but using a car instead of a horse.
- The polo cycle is a similar game played on a bike, not a horse.
- Elephant polo is played in South Asia.
- Motoball (Polo Motorcycles) is found in the United States.
- Segway polo comes from the United States.
- Yak polo played in Mongolia.
- Canoe polo is played around the world in kayaks and organized by the International Canoe Federation
See also
- International Polo Federation
- Instructors' and PIPA Polo Association Associations
- World Polo Championship
- Dakyu
- Handicap Polo
References
Further reading
- Penina Meisels and Michael Cronan (1992). Polo . San Francisco: Collins Publishers. ISBNÃ, 0-00-637796-3.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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