Tetany grass or tetani hypomagnesemic , also known as staggered grass and winter winter , is a metabolic disease involving deficiencies magnesium, which can occur in ruminants such as beef cattle, dairy cattle and sheep, usually after grazing in fast-growing grasslands, especially in early spring.
Video Grass tetany
Symptoms and causes
Progressive symptoms may include grazing away from the herd, irritability, muscle twitching, staring, incoordination, shocking, fainting, thrashing, head thrown back, and coma, followed by death. However, clinical signs are not always proven before the animal is found dead.
This condition results from hypomagnesemia (low magnesium concentrations in the blood) that may reflect low magnesium intake, low magnesium absorption, extraordinarily low magnesium retention, or a combination of the two. Generally, clear symptoms develop only when hypomagnesemia is accompanied by hypocalcaemia (Ca blood below 8 mg/dL).
Low intake of magnesium by grazing ruminant livestock can occur primarily with some grass species early in the growing season, due to the seasonally low concentration of magnesium in dried livestock feed. Some preserved animal feeds are also low in magnesium and may be conducive to hypomagnesemia.
A high potassium intake relative to calcium and magnesium intake may lead to hypomagnesemia. The ratio of K/(Ca Mg) load exceeding 2.2 in HMT has been considered a risk factor for grass tetany. Application of potassium fertilizer to increase forage production can contribute to an increase in K/(Ca Mg) ratio in forage crops, not only by adding potassium to the soil, but also by replacing calcium and magnesium adsorbed by ion exchange soils, contributing to increased susceptibility. calcium and magnesium to eliminate the loss of the root zone during the rainy season. In ruminants, a high potassium intake results in decreased absorption of magnesium from the digestive tract.
Trans-aconitate, which accumulates in some grasses, may be a risk factor for hypomagnesemia in grazing ruminants. (Tetani has been induced in cattle by trans-aconite and KCl, where the amount of KCl used is, by itself, insufficient to induce tetany.) A relatively high trans-aconite level has been found in some forage species on the rangeland site. conducive to hypomagnesemia. Although at least one rumen organism converts trans-aconit to acetate, other rumen organisms convert trans-aconite to tricarballylate, which is complex with magnesium. Using mice as model animals, oral administration of tricarballylate has been shown to reduce the retention of animal magnesium. Application of potassium fertilizer results in increased concentrations of aconitic acid in some species of grass.
Maps Grass tetany
Epidemiology
In Northern Europe, the disease occurs after winter housing. But in Australia and New Zealand, where cattle are not placed, the disease occurs in the same conditions, when animals enter the fertile grassland and the dominant grass. In North America, tetan grass occurs most often when the stock range is moved to a fertile beginning. pasture or when the inventory at home turns into a pasture like that in the spring. A second high-risk period may occur in the fall. Although cereal grass (eg winter wheat) and crested wheatgrass may be very conducive to grassland, this problem can also occur with some other grass species. "Tetani Winter" can occur with some silage, low grass magnesium grass, or corn stover.
Treatment
The affected animal should be left in the pasture, and not be forced to return to the kiosk because excitation may darken the prognosis, even after adequate treatment.
A mixture of calcium and magnesium intravenous injection is used. Subcutaneous magnesium sulfate injection (200 ml of 50% solution) is also recommended.
Prevention
Magnesium supplements are used to prevent disease when ruminants, for obvious economic reasons, should have access to dangerous pastures.
External links
- Related page of Merck Veterinary Manual
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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