Friesian (also Frizian ) is a type of horse from Friesland, in the Netherlands. Although breed conformations resemble lightweight draft horses, Friesians are graceful and nimble for their size. It is believed that during the Middle Ages, the ancestors of the Friesian horses were in great demand as war horses throughout the European continent. Through the Middle Ages of the Early and Middle Ages High, their size allowed them to carry knights with armor. In the late Middle Ages, heavier, draft type animals were required. Although these breeds are almost extinct on more than one occasion, modern-day Friesian horses are increasing in number and popularity, used in both harness and under saddle. Recently, breed is being introduced into the field of dressage.
Video Friesian horse
Spelling and usage
In English, a word that indicates the origin of the Friesland region is usually spelled "Frizian". However, the alternative spelling with "s" is used for Holstein Friesian cattle. For most of the history of Friesch Paarden Stamboek, a list of breeds, most horse breeders are also dairy farmers and the same spelling is also used for both animals, especially by English speakers and enrollees.
Maps Friesian horse
Characteristic characteristics
Breed Friesian is most often known for its black fur color, but color alone is not the only distinguishing characteristic; Friesians are sometimes chestnut because some lineages carry the "red" gene ('e'). In the 1930s, chestnuts and bays were seen. Friesians rarely have any white markings of any kind, most registrars only allow small stars on the forehead of race registration. To be accepted as a stock breeding by the FPS studbook ( Friesch Paarden Stamboek ), the horse must pass through a strict approval process.
The Friesian stands on average about 15.3 hands (63 inches, 160 cm), although it can vary from 14.2 to 17 hands (58 to 68 inches, 147 to 173 cm) at the withers, and horses or geldings must be at least 15 , 2 Ã, hand (62Ã, inch, 157Ã, cm) to qualify for the "star-design" genealogy. Horses are assessed on inspection, or by cruise, by a Dutch judge, who decides whether the horse deserves to be a star designation. This breed has a strong overall conformation and good bone structure, with what is sometimes called the "Baroque" body type. French fries have long, curved necks, and the heads of "Spaniards" are short-eared and short-eared. They have strong, sloping shoulders, compact and muscular bodies with strong, low rear legs and low tails. Their limbs are relatively short and strong. A Friesian horse also has a long, thick, often wavy, and "hairy" tail and long, soft hair on the lower leg - deliberately left without pieces. These breeds are known as fast and high sidewalks. The Friesian is considered to be willing, active, and energetic, but also gentle and benign. A Friesian tends to have a great presence and brings herself with elegance. Today, there are two different types of conformations - the "baroque" type, which has a stronger form than the classic Friesian, and the modern, "sport horse" type, which is the backbone. Both types are common, although modern types are currently more popular in the show arenas than Friesian baroque. However, this type of conformation is considered less important than the correct movement.
The color of chestnut is generally not accepted for the registration of a stallion, although it is sometimes allowed for horses and geldings. A chestnut-colored Friesian competing is penalized. However, the discoloration of old wounds or black coats with faded from the sun is not subject to sanctions. Chestnut allele, the recessive genetic trait in Freisian, does exist; in the 1990s, two mares gave birth to chestnut children. Friesch Paarden Stamboek started trying to breed chestnut colors in 1990, and today male stallions with genetic tests show the presence of chestnut or "red" genes, even if heterozygous and covered by black, are not allowed to register with FPS. The American Friesian Association, which is not affiliated with KFPS, allows horses with white marks and/or chestnut colors to be registered if genuine offspring can be proven. By 2014 there are eight known horse lines still carrying the chestnut genes.
There are four industry-recognized genetic disturbances that can affect the Friesian breeding horse: dwarfism, hydrocephalus, the tendency for rupture of the aorta, and megaesophagus. There is a genetic test for the first two conditions. Friesian is also included among several breeds that can develop the storage of polysaccharie horse myopathy. Approximately 0.25% of Friesians are affected by dwarfism, which produces horses with normal-sized heads, larger than usual chest, abnormally long backs and very short limbs. This is a recessive condition. In addition, these breeds have higher levels of digestive disorders than usual, and a greater tendency to have insect bites hypersensitivity. Like some other design races, they are susceptible to a skin condition called dermatopathy of verrucosa parsinoma and may in general tend to have an impaired immune system. Friesian horses have a very high rate of placental retention after foasi. Some normal-sized Friesians also tend to tendons and ligaments that may or may not be associated with dwarfism. A relatively small and inbreeding gene pool is considered to be the factor behind most of these disorders.
History
Friesian originated from the province of Friesland in northern Netherlands, where there is evidence of thousands of years of horse population.
As far back as history in the 4th century there is a mention of Friesian troops riding their own horses. One of the most famous sources was an English writer named Anthony Dent who wrote of the Friesian troops in Carlisle. Dent, among others, writes that the Friesian horse is the ancestor of the English Shire, and the Falling Horse. However, this is just speculation.
It was not until the 11th century, that there is an illustration, from what seems, Friesans. Many of the illustrations found depict a knight riding a horse that resembles this breed, with one of the most famous examples being William the Conqueror.
Ancestors of this modern Friesian were used in the Middle Ages to bring fighting knights. In the 12th and 13th centuries, some eastern horses of the crusaders were mated with Friesian stock. During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Dutch were briefly associated with Spain, there was less demand for heavy war horses, when the weapons of war changed and became lighter. The Andalusian horse is crossed with Friesians, resulting in a lighter horse better suited (in terms of less food and waste intake) to work as an urban horse.
Historian Ann Hyland writes of the Friesian type:
- The Emperor Charles (reigned 1516 -56) continued the Spanish expansion to the Netherlands, which possessed the horses of his Frisian wars, recorded by Vegetius and used on the continent and in Britain in Roman times. Like Andalusia, Frisian was raised right for typing. Even with the infusion of Spanish blood during the sixteenth century, it retained its indigenous characteristics, taking on the best of both breeds. Frisian mentioned in the 16th and 17th centuries worked as a brave horse that is very suitable for war, does not have the volatility of some very heavy breeds or phlegm. Generally black, Frisian about 15 hours with a strong conformation, but with a more elegant and quality deal. The famous walking style is a smooth movement that comes from a strong place. Today, although the definition of breed is preserved, its size has increased markedly, as most breeds have for better maintenance and diet methods.
These breeds were very popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, when they were in demand not only as a horse harness and for agricultural work, but also for a race to run so popular then. Friesian may have been used as a foundation stock for breeds such as Dole Gudbrandsdal, Norfolk Trotter (ancestors of Hackney), and Morgan. In the 1800s, Friesians grew up to become lighter and faster to walk, but this led to what some owners and ranchers regarded as inferior stocks, so the movement to return to pure blood stocks occurred in the late 19th century.
A studbook society was founded in 1879 by farmers and Frisian landowners who had gathered to find Fries Rundvee Stromek (FRS) The Paardenstamboek ("horse stud book") was published in 1880 and initially listed both Friesian horses. and a group of warm-blooded breeds, including Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburgers, collectively known as "Bovenlanders". At that time, the Friesian horse declined in number, and was replaced by a more fashionable Bovenlander, both directly, and by a Bovenlander stud on a Friesian horse. It had almost annihilated pure Friesian in important parts of the province in 1879, which made the inclusion of Bovenlander necessary. While community work led to a breed's revival in the late nineteenth century, it also resulted in the sale and loss of many of the best stallions of the breeding areas, and the population of the Friesian horses was reduced. At the beginning of the 20th century, the number of available stallions decreased to three. Therefore, in 1906, two parts of the registry merged, and the studbook was renamed Friesch Paarden Stromek (FPS) in 1907. "
In 1913 a society, Het Friesch Paard, was established to protect and promote this breed. By 1915 it had convinced the FPS to divide the registration into two groups. In 1943, non-Friesian horse ranchers left FPS completely to form separate associations, which later became Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland (Royal Warmblood Studbook of The Netherlands (KWPN).
Displacement by oil-powered agricultural equipment on dairy farms is also a threat to the survival of Friesian horses. The last draft function undertaken by Friesians on a significant scale is in farms that raise dairy cattle. World War II slowed the transfer process, allowing population and popularity to breed for rebounds. Importantly in the early stages of this breed's recovery is the family owned by Circus Strassburger, who, after fleeing Nazi Germany to the Low Countries, discovered the performance of breeds and demonstrated abilities outside the local breeding area during and after the Nazi occupation
Usage
As use in agricultural activities declines, Friesian becomes popular for recreational purposes. Today, about seven per cent of horses in the Netherlands are Friesian.
Friesian horses today are used both in harness and under the saddle, especially in the dressage discipline. In the harness, they are used for competitive driving and recreation, both singly and in teams. Traditional trains seen at several events designed for Friesian horses are high-wheeled wagons called sjees. Friesians are also used in businesses such as attracting vintage trains at various ceremonial events.
Due to its striking colors and appearance, the Friesian horse is a popular breed in film and television, especially in historic and fantasy dramas. They look calm in the face of activities associated with filmmaking, but also elegant in front of the camera.
See also
- Friesian Cross
- Sportforse Friesian
References
External links
- Koninklijke Vereniging "Het Friesch Paarden-Stromek" (KFPS) Friesian stud-book Association
- Australian and New Zealand Horse Gorges (ANZFHS)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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