In the United States, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing , commonly known as Triple Crown , is the title given to Thoroughbred three-year horses that won Kentucky Derby, Pitchness Stakes and Belmont Stakes. The three races were inaugurated in a different year, the last being Kentucky Derby in 1875. The race is now run annually in May and early June of each year. The Triple Crown Trophy, commissioned in 1950 but awarded to all previous winners and also after 1950, was awarded to the winner of the Triple Crown.
The first winner of all three Triple Crown races was Sir Barton in 1919. Some journalists began using the term Triple Crown to refer to three races as early as 1923, but it was not until Gallant Fox won three events in 1930 that Charles Hatton of Daily Racing Form puts the term into common usage.
In Triple Crown history, 13 horses have won all three races: Sir Barton (1919), Gallant Fox (1930), Omaha (1935), War Admiral (1937), Whirlaway (1941), Count Fleet (1943), Assault (1946 ), Citation (1948), Secretariat (1973), Seattle Slew (1977), Affirmed (1978), American Pharoah (2015), and Justify (2018). In 2018, American Pharoah and Justify are the only surviving Triple Crown winners.
James E. "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons was the first coach to win the Triple Crown more than once; he trained Gallant Fox and his son, Omaha, for breeding breeding Belair Stud. Gallant Fox and Omaha are the only father-son duo to win the Triple Crown. Bob Baffert became the second coach to win the Triple Crown twice, coaching American Pharoah and Justify. Belair Stud and Calumet Farm are tied as owners with the most Triple Crown win with two each. Calumet Farms wins with Whirlaway and Citation. Eddie Arcaro drove two Triple Crown champions from Calumet Farms and was the only jockey to win more than one Triple Crown.
The secretariat holds a record of bet time for each of the three races. The time of 2:24 for the 1st 1 / 2 in 1973 Belmont Stakes also governs the still-standing world of record.
Video Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)
Development
Three Triple Crown races have been running for decades before this series received its name; Belmont Stakes was first run in 1867; Preakness, in 1873; and Kentucky Derby, in 1875. The term was used at least in 1923, although the Daily Racing Form author Charles Hatton is generally credited with deriving the term in 1930.
Their orders vary. Before 1931, Preakness was run before Kentucky Derby eleven times. On May 12, 1917, and May 13, 1922, Kentucky Derby and Preakness were run on the same day. Since 1931, Kentucky Derby has been run first, followed by Preakness, and then Belmont.
Each Triple Crown race is open to both colts and fillies. Although the fillies have won each individual Triple Crown race, no one has won the Triple Crown itself. Despite efforts to develop "Filly Triple Crown" or "Triple Tiara" for fillers only, no series of three races consistently remain in the public eye, and at least four different race configurations have been used. Two fillies won the Kentucky Oaks series, Pimlico Oaks (now Sting Susan Mata Hitam), and American Oaks Coaching Club, in 1949 and 1952, but the racing press did not point to achievements as "triple crown". In 1961, the New York Racing Association created a triple crown from race in the state only, but the race changed over the years. Eight fillies won the NYRA Triple Tiara between 1968 and 1993.
Gelded colts can run in one of three races today, but they were banned from entering Belmont between 1919 and 1957. Geldings have won each of each race, but like fillies, no one has ever won Triple Crown. The closest is Funny Cide, who won the Derby and Preakness in 2003.
All races are held on dirt tracks, rather than grasses commonly used for important races in Europe.
Maps Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)
Winner
At the end of the 2016 season, three Triple Crown races have attracted 4,224 arrivals. Of these, 292 horses have won one leg from Triple Crown, 52 horses have won two races (23 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, 18 Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes, and 11 Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes), and 13 horses have won all three races. Pillory won Pitchness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in 1922, a year when it was impossible to win the Triple Crown because Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes run on the same day.
10 out of 13 winners have "homebreds", owned at the time of their victory by their breeders.
Jim Fitzsimmons and Bob Baffert are the only two coaches that have two horses winning the Triple Crown, with Fitzsimmons coaching the 1930 Gallant Fox winner and 1935 winner Omaha and Baffert coaching 2015 American Pharoah winners and 2018 Justify winners. The victory by Fitzsimmons is also the first time that the owner and first time a rancher, Belair Stud holds both tasks, has a recurring victory of the Triple Crown. Calumet Farm is the only other owner with two Triple Crown horses, 1941 Whirlaway winners and 1948 Citation winners. Eddie Arcaro is the only jockey who rides two horses to Triple Crown, both for Calumet, Whirlaway and Citation. The two horse trainers, Ben Jones and Jimmy Jones, are fathers and sons.
All 13 horses, and most owners, coaches, and jockeys are born in the United States. Exceptions are jockey Johnny Longden, born in England and raised in Canada; French Jockey Jean Cruguet; coach Laz Barrera, from Cuba; and jockey Victor Espinoza, from Mexico. Secretarial coach, Lucien Laurin and jockey, Ron Turcotte are both Canadians. Owner Fannie Hertz is married to John D. Hertz, who was born in Slovakia; owner Ahmed Zayat was born in Egypt. Jockey Willie Saunders is considered a Canadian jockey because he grew up and established his career there, but was born in Montana. Sir Barton's horse is foaled in the United States but has Canadian owner, J. K. L. Ross, at the time of his Triple Crown win, while Justify's owner is from the United States and China.
Recordings
The Secretariat holds a record bet for each Triple Crown race, Kentucky Derby (1:59 2/5), Preakness Stakes (1:53), and Belmont Stakes (2:24).
At 18, Steve Cauthen became the youngest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Affirmed in 1978. At 52, Mike Smith became the oldest jockey to win the Triple Crown, riding Justify in 2018.
Other important achievements
Only one horse, Alydar, has been placed (finished second) in all three races. He was defeated by Affirmed in all three races in 1978 with a combined margin of two lengths. His coach, John Veitch, is the only coach who does this with one horse. In 1995, D. Wayne Lukas became the first and only main character (owner, jockey, or coach) to win three Triple Crown races with different horses, Thunder Gulch in Derby and Belmont, Timber Country in Preakness. Luke is also the only coach who has won six consecutive times in the Triple Crown race, adding to the 1995 victory, having won Preakness and Belmont 1994 with Tabasco Cat and Derby 1996 with Grindstone.
Like Veitch, with only two different horses, Bob Baffert also took second place on his three legs from Triple Crown, both owned by Ahmed Zayat: in 2012, Bodemeister came second in Kentucky Derby and Preakness was mine. Other, then Paynter enters and finishes second to Union Rags. Baffert and Zayat are working together again for Triple Crown's 2015 triumph of American Pharoah.
Gallant Fox is the only Triple Crown winner to host other Triple Crown winners, Omaha. Affirmed as a veteran, 1993 Canada Triple Crown winner.
Whirlaway, in addition to winning Triple Crown 1941, also won Travers Stakes that year, becoming the first and only horse to achieve that feat.
American Pharoah, in addition to winning Triple Crown 2015, also won the Breeders' Cup Classic that year. Since the Breeders' Cup was not formed until 1984, American Pharoah was the first horse (and, in 2018, only) to sweep all four races, a feat later known as the Grand Slam.
The distance between wins
After the winner of the first Triple Crown, Sir Barton, in 1919, there was no other winner until Gallant Fox in 1930, a difference of 11 years. Between 1930 and 1948, seven horses won the Triple Crown, with five years becoming the longest slit among the winners. However, after the 1948 Citation victory, there was a considerable gap of 25 years before the Secretariat ended the Triple Crown championship drought in 1973. Between 1973 and 1978, there were three Triple Crown winners.
After the Triple Crown of Affirmed in 1978, the longest drought in Triple Crown history began in 1979 with Triple Crown's failed efforts at the Spectacular Bid, and survived until the American Pharoah won in 2015. Between 1979 and 2014, 13 horses won the Kentucky Derby and Pitchness Stakes, but failed to win Belmont Bets or could not start in the race. Of them, Real Quiet came closest to winning Triple Crown, losing Belmont Stakes with a nose in 1998. Spectacular Bid finished 3rd in 1979. A delightful colony finished 3rd in 1981. Alysheba finished 4th in 1987. Silence Week finished 2nd in 1989 Real Quiet finished 2nd in 1998. Charismatic finished 3rd in 1999. War Emblem finished 8th in 2002. Funny Cide finished 3rd in 2003. Smarty Jones finished 2nd in 2004. Big Brown was not completed in 2008. I'll Have Others do not start (injury) 2012. California Chrome finishes in fourth position in 2014.
In the 1979-2015 period, horses competing for the third race, losing to the Kentucky Derby but winning Preakness and Belmont were the Rising Stars in 1988, Hansel in 1991, Tabasco Cat in 1994, Point Given in 2001, and Afleet Alex in 2005 In 1984, Swale and in 1995, Thunder Gulch ran all three races, winning Derby and Belmont, but not Preach.
The 37-year gap between Triple Crown won from Afirmed and American Pharoah drew criticism of the system. As far back as 1986, journalists noted that the fresh horses for Belmont had an advantage. In 2003, Gary Stevens stated in an interview with Charlie Rose that he did not believe there would be any other Triple Crown winners because of the proprietor's tendency to put fresh horses in Preakness and Belmont Stakes. The owner of California Chrome coaster, Steve Coburn, is very critical of the Triple Crown system in post-Belmont comments in 2014; he considers the system unfair, on the grounds that there will never be another Triple Crown winner in his life except that only horses competing in Kentucky Derby and Preakness compete in Belmont. By 2014, six of the past eight Belmont winners have not competed in any of the first two legs of the Triple Crown. In addition, from 2006 to 2014, the Belmont winner is a horse that does not compete in Preakness. American Pharoah was the first Belmont winner since Afleet Alex in 2005 to run all three Triple Crown races.
Bid unsuccessful
Since all three races are inaugurated, in 2017, 23 horses have won Derby and Preakness but not Belmont:
- 1932: Burgoo King does not enter Belmont due to inequality. : 78, 182
- 1936: Bold Venture does not enter Belmont due to inequality. : 78, 182
- 1944: Penalty is the first horse to compete but lost to Belmont after winning the first two legs. He placed second to Bounding Home, : 78 who never ran in Derby or Preakness. 1958: Tim Tam, beaten by a long six by Cavan, who never fought in Derby or Preakness.
- 1961: Restore, "sick" after race, is seven out of nine entries, 14 1 / 2 long rear winner, a long number named Sherluck.
- 1964: Northern dancer, defeated by Quadrangle. 1966: Kauai King, defeated by Amberoid.
- 1968: Forward Pass, beaten by Johnny Stage Door by 1 1 / 4 long.
- 1969: Majestic Prince, second with span 1 / 2 to Arts and Letters. Losses are associated with fatigue and lameness.
- 1971: CaÃÆ' Â ± onero II, fourth at Belmont up to 34-1 Longshot Pass Catcher, loss attributed to nail problems. 1979: The Bid Spectacular, the third in Belmont, is alleged to have stepped on the safety pin on the morning of the race, though other theories blame the mistake of the rider by an inexperienced young jockey who made it too fast. He finished 3 / 4 long behind Coast and neck behind second horse, Golden Act.
- 1981: Fun, Third Colony in Belmont, 1 1 / 2 long behind Summing and horse second place, Highland Blade.
- 1987: Alysheba ranks fourth in Belmont behind Bet Twice, Cryptoclearance, and Gulch.
- 1989: Sunday Silence, second in Belmont, eight miles behind Easy Goer.
- 1997: Silver Charm, second in Belmont, 3 / 4 long behind Touch Gold.
- 1998: Real Quiet, second at Belmont after photo completion, nose behind Victory Gallop.
- 1999: Charismatic, third in Belmont, 1 1 / 2 long behind Lemon Drop Kid and Vision and Verse two. Charismatics are withdrawn as soon as they are finished, skinned with broken bones. He survived and retired to study.
- 2002: The War Emblem stumbles at the gate at Belmont, ending in eighth from 11th. The winner Sarava makes an annoyed score with odds 70-1.
- 2003: Funny Cide, third in Belmont, five long behind Empire Maker, and 4 4 / 4 long behind the second place horse, Ten Most Wanted.
- 2004: Smarty Jones, second in Belmont, one long behind Birdstone.
- 2008: Big Brown is drawn in the Belmont house stretch, shifts to last place. The winner is Da 'Tara. Nail problems have limited the training of Big Brown, and may be a factor in his defeat.
- 2012: I Will Have Another Scratched from Belmont the day before the race due to a tendon injury.
- 2014: California Chrome finished hot for the 4th at Belmont after being stepped on by another horse who left the gate and ran into the race with a heel injury and friction on his tendon.
Sponsorship and broadcasting
Initially, these three races largely govern their own nomination procedures, marketing and television broadcasting rights. In 1985, Triple Crown Productions was made when the owner of Spend a Buck chose not to run in the other two Triple Crown races because of the financial incentives offered to every Kentucky Derby winner who could win a set of competing races in New Jersey. The organizers of the three races realized that they needed to work together.
Attempts to unify the sponsorship and marketing of all three Triple Crown races began in 1987 when ABC Sports negotiated a deal with Chrysler to pay $ 5 million for every horse that swept all three races, and $ 1 million annually no Triple Crown swept into the horse with the highest Triple Crown combination. The sponsor lasted until 1993. The ending of the $ 1 million participation bonus was related to Prairie Bayou's split at Belmont Stakes that year and the uncomfortable situation that emerged when Kentucky Derby winner Sea Hero was awarded a bonus after the seventh-place finish.
In 1995, Visa USA took over a ten-year sponsorship, named the Triple Crown Visa series and only offered a $ 5 million bonus for a horse that could sweep the Triple Crown. Along with sponsorship by VISA, NBC Sports paid $ 51.5 million for broadcast rights to all three races, with revenue sharing giving 50% of total to Churchill Downs and 25% respectively for Pimlico and the New York Racing Association (NYRA).
The Visa deal - and cooperation efforts - ended after 2005. NYRA feels that they are not getting a fair share of revenue, especially when Belmont has the highest ranking of all three races in the years where Triple Crown is on the line. From 2001 to 2013, the average audience for Belmont was 7 million when Triple Crown was not at stake, while the average audience was 13 million at the time. With the end of the contract, NYRA went to ESPN on ABC for Belmont 2006, while Derby and Preakness live with NBC. Visa chose to remain as sponsor only Kentucky Derby for the next five years. As a result of a divided broadcast, Triple Crown Productions can not get a new sponsor.
In February 2011, ABC/ESPN quit the negotiations to renew broadcasting rights to Belmont Stakes. NBC is awarded a contract until 2015, once again bringing together all three races on the same network. In 2014, NBC extends their contract to Kentucky Derby until 2025. In August 2015, NBC acquired a broadcast contract for Belmont until 2020 and Preakness until 2022.
Individual race winners
- Notes
- [Fy] Shows a foal. Fillies won Kentucky Derby in 1915, 1980, and 1988, Preakness Stakes in 1903, 1906, 1915, 1924, and 2009, and Belmont Stakes in 1867, 1905, and 2007.
- RNR Racing is not running. Belmont did not run in 1911 and 1912 because of the anti-betting laws passed in New York State. The Preakness is not running 1891-1893.
See also
- American racing racing event for attended events
- Classic English Racing
- French Classic Races
- Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
- Grand Slam of Thoroughbred racing
References
External links
- Official website
- BloodHorse.com Triple Crown Mania
- Ten Things You Need To Know About Triple Crown in Hello Race Fans
- Triple Crown Winners - slideshow by Life magazine
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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