The natural championship is a collective term for various horse training techniques that have experienced a rapidly growing popularity since the 1980s. Techniques vary in his precise teachings but generally share the principles of developing a relationship with horses, using methods that are said to derive from observing the natural behavior of the loose-leaning horses and rejecting rough training methods.
Practitioners of natural horsemen often portray their principles with evangelical zeal, describing the approach as a radical departure from "traditional" techniques, often described as being based on the use of unnecessary forces. Users and practitioners tend to link both benefits in relation to quasi-scientific narratives of the ethical behavior of horses, seeing horses as "others," but also to the idea of ​​anthropomorphic partnerships. Tall practitioners like natural horseback riders like Monty Roberts and Pat Parelli market their methods and equipment extensively through books, television shows, live performances, and other media. The controversial natural horseback riding movement in the mainstream main rider community, with criticism aimed at practitioners at a number of levels, while supporters of natural horsemen in turn are very critical of the more traditional methods. The natural riding promoters face criticism that their technique is not "new" and is a classic concept that is simply renamed or repackaged in order to sell products and merchandise.
Video Natural horsemanship
Histori
The idea of ​​working in sympathy with horses for cooperation is not new, with documented examples as far as two parts of Xenophon's Treatise on Hortemanship (ca. 430 - 354 BC), which, among other points, emphasizes operant conditioning and emphasizing guarantees of punishment. Later, classical-dressed practitioners such as Antoine de Pluvinel (1555-1620 CE) and FranÃÆ'§ois Robichon de La Guà ©  © riniÃÆ'¨re (1688-1751) also emphasized soft techniques. However, gentle training methods always have to compete with the harder methods, which often appear to get faster results, but are less predictable. In particular, the cowboy tradition of western America, where an economy that needs to solve large quantities of semi-wild horses in a short time leads to the development of a number of rigorous training methods that a special natural horseback movement has set to replace.
The natural movement of modern horsemen, though not originally described, developed especially in the United States of Northwest and Rocky Mountain states, where the cowboy tradition of "buckaroo" or vaquero is the strongest. Brothers Tom and Bill Dorrance were early modern practitioners, who had a background of the Great Basin buckaroo tradition. They have a very strong influence on Ray Hunt, which in turn becomes a significant influence on Buck Brannaman. Many practitioners claim the influence of Dorrance Brothers and Hunt, some have practiced directly with these people. Other practitioners, such as Pat Parelli, are from the rodeo world.
In Europe a number of practiced variations developed independently of the American model, influenced by the Spanish or Hungarian horse riding tradition as well as the teachings of Classical clothing. Some include jobs that are rooted in the use of human body language to communicate effectively with horses.
The growth in acceptance of modern techniques (and their marketing growth) has increased since the 1970s, with early growth accelerating during the 1980s and 1990s.
Maps Natural horsemanship
Nomenclature
The term "horse whispers" dates to nineteenth-century Europe when Irish horseman Daniel "Horse-Whisperer" Sullivan (d.1810), made a name for himself in England by rehabilitating a horse that has become demonic and stubborn for harassment or not deliberate trauma. Some natural horseman practitioners do not use the term "horse whisper" to describe themselves, and some horse trainers do not like the "whispering" moniker as long as they openly request that the term is not applied to them.
The "natural horseback riding" is a newer term, originating from the western United States, and was not used popularly until about 1985. Its origin is widely attributed in the movement to Pat Parelli, who wrote a book using the phrase in the title. The term became associated with a "whisper horse" in the 1990s, when the popularity of Nicholas Evans 'book The Horse Whisperer', and then Robert Redford's film of the same name, promoted popular awareness about natural horseback riding. However, some of the movement-related trainers, such as Mark Rashid and Tom Moates, have expressed their discomfort with the term "natural horseback riding."
This movement has caused many people in the horse industry to question "traditional" practices and to see the theory of learning and ecumenical science to better understand the behavior of horses.
In the Natural Horsemanship movement, the phrase "traditional" or "traditional method" generally refers to the brutal method of the horses that train the horse by dominating the horse and breaking its spirits. Others come from certain types of military training that demand complete submission and learn the helplessness of the horse, with the misbehavior associated with a deliberate act by the horse, not a reaction to the pain or fear of the handler. Still others are attributed to the equipment and methods used on the rodeo horses in speed events such as calf racers and racing tunings.
However, practitioners of classical training methods, time honored, humane take issue with the characterization of "traditional" training methods as "inhuman". Notice that soft techniques always exist. Some natural horseback riders recognize that there is a "traditional" technique that can be used in a humane way, even suggesting that some styles can be used together in a complementary way.
General theory
Appropriate techniques and theories vary between natural horsemans, but the main theme is that they advocate training and handling techniques that they claim to be good and gentle. Part of the premise of a natural horseman is that teaching through pain and fear does not produce the kind of relationship that benefits both the horse and the handler.
Like almost all horse training, the main teaching aid is the use of operant conditioning to reinforce desired behavior. The most common conditioning method is the use of pressure and release, with the applied physical pressure until the horse meets, or tries to comply, at which point the pressure is released as a negative reinforcement to the action. Punishment by physical force is rarely used in natural horseback riding, and many practitioners are cautious about the misuse of help such as whips.
Many techniques focus on the wide use of soil handling to build relationships and mutual understanding with horses. Methods include the use of leading practice and supply, and train horses in longe or loose lines in round pens.
Most natural riding practitioners advocate the use of a strap type that has a thinner noseband and thick heeled knots that are reminiscent of a rough style of bosam for the base, and, for some, riding. Usually the use of 12 to 14 foot (3.7 to 4.3 m) headgear is promoted, which doubles as a guiding line and a short line. Some, though not all, practitioners work with horse without ties, or consider work without bonds to represent the culmination of their training. After the horse is under the saddle, most practitioners advocate the use of loose rings or full cheek-cut styles, and straps that include slobber straps and lead sections on the left side characteristics of hackamore mecate, sometimes called "McCarty Apparel." All practitioners stressed that communication should be done with light or minimal contact with the horse's mouth, encouraging the use of weight and foot aids. The natural horseback riding and horse discipline that emphasizes stable and light contact is not contradictory. A practitioner has suggested that the use of patented designs from eternal bridges can create more effective horse controls, and solve other problems associated with bitting. However, the benefits of the eternal bridle have been questioned in the light of recent research showing that the cross-under design puts significant pressure on polls and under the chin, while soft tissues such as tongues are actually more suited for handling pressure from the rider's hands than hard tissues such as nasal bone and palate, although a slight design may still be suitable for horses with mouth sores.
Benefits
A small-scale 2009 study of the efficacy of natural horseback riding techniques compared to "traditional" exercise suggests that natural horseback riding exercises can be more efficient in improving human-horse relationships and reducing stress on horses during training without sacrificing technical performance. A 2012 study, however, questioned some types of round pen training on the grounds that pressure release methods did not increase the horse-human interaction (since remote-controlled cars were used to get the same response) but actually controlled the horses through fear and for that reason may be less humane than previously thought.
Criticism
The natural horseback movement has been criticized from a number of angles. The first criticism is the claim that natural horseback riding into something new and completely different is completely unfounded, that a similar method has existed for a very long time. Some practitioners, especially in classics and other equestrian disciplines, consider many of the movements to be only the application of the classic humane method of horse riding that has been practiced for centuries. However, many natural horseback practitioners recognize that they have not created natural horsemen and previous work credits in humane horse-handling techniques.
Another common concern is that the movement has been promoted with too much hype and marketing. In particular, there are fears that an almost miraculous outcome story can mislead novices to believe they can achieve miracles with their horses with little effort, education, or experience in horse training. The related concern is that the practitioners changed the name of common horse equipment and then sold their branded versions for a premium price. Some trainers see the use of certain brands or styles of common equipment because they are more related to personal preferences than others. Others see certain tools as unnecessary or tend to be abused. Practitioners pointed out that the equipment they sell, such as rigid sticks and yachting-braid ropes, have different characteristics that allow natural horseback riding.
In particular, the characterization of "traditional" training methods as "inhuman" does not accurately describe classical training methods, time honored, and humane. Although some critics recognize that some historical techniques are not always soft, they show that soft techniques always exist. Others expressed concern that natural horseback failed as a complete method of horse training.
Other coaches point out that the act of capturing and training a horse is not at all "natural", that all that people do with horses is not really "natural" for horses. Other authors like pointing out that "Domestication [the horse] is a natural consequence... for those who are more curious, less territorial, less aggressive, more dependent [and] more able to deflect human aggression through submission".
The excessive use of negative reinforcement in any training method to increase the desired level of behavior can produce anxiety and stress on the horse until an unwanted stimulus or "pressure" is released. The failure of the horse to radiate the desired behavior, or the coach's failure to reduce the pressure after the correct performance, will only extend this pressure.
See also
- Domestication horse
- The word Horseman
- Rarey Technique
References
Source
- Dr. Robert M. & amp; Rick Lamb (2005). "Revolution in Horse Riding". Horseman Revolution . Globe Pequot. pp.Ã, 35-40. ISBNÃ, 9781592283873 . Retrieved January 4 2016 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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