Jump plays a major role in many equestrian sports, such as jumping, fox hunting, steep climbing, and doing events. The jumping biomechanics, the influence of the rider, and the heritability of jumping skills all became the focus of the study.
Video Jumping (horse)
Proses Jumping
The air phase of the leap process takes place between the forward and back stages and therefore is biomechanically equivalent to a highly suspended or elevated stepping step. For this reason, horses are usually close to obstacles in canters. The jump process can be broken down into five phases:
Approach
"Approach" is the final step before jumping, in which the horse places all four legs for optimal take-off. The horse advanced and went down with his neck to lower the forehand and center of its mass. Front legs supported or moved in front of the body. This relatively sudden braking action allows the momentum to bring hindleg farther down the horse's body than is possible. While the action is more fluid, it is mechanically similar to the action of squatting before jumping.
Take-off
The "take-off" begins when the forefoot leaves the ground and finishes when the hindlegs leaves the ground. After the horse leaves the ground, he can not influence the trajectory whose center of mass follows through the air, which makes the most critical phase takeoff of the jumping process. Most of the energy required to clean the barrier is produced by the hind legs. The longer the hindleg is in contact with the ground, the greater their capacity to generate power; further ahead, the hindleg is placed under the body, closer to the obsktacle, the longer the phase of this attitude. Power is generated by hindleg compression, which flexs on the hips, holding, hock, and fetlock, and then releases energy like a spring.
Aviation, suspension, or air phase
During "flight", the center of the horse's mass follows a parabolic path where it has no control. Horses can change the position of the legs and body in relation to the center of mass, however, which is essential for clearing the obstacles safely. The horse's body rotates in the air, a quality called "bascule", to ensure that when the forehand cleans the fence, the shoulder is the highest point of the body, and while the back end cleans the fence, the hip is the highest point of the body. Bascule is a horse bow above the fence. A horse with a nice bascule makes a rounded jump and helps the horse jump higher. The forelegs are pulled towards the body and the hindlegs "retroflexed" out of the body to clear the obstacles. During the flight, the rider has little impact on the actual trajectory of the horse's body. Children often change direction when jumping.
Landing
The horse landed first with the front foot behind (not front), and then with the front foot leading. The rear members followed. The landing puts a lot of tension on the front foot, which can cause injury or lameness over time.
Recovery, vacation
During the first step after the jump, the horse again balances itself. Horses sometimes react to discomfort or high emotion during recovery, and may buck, bolt, or throw their heads.
Maps Jumping (horse)
Injuries related to jumps
Jumping is a very heavy activity that puts high physical demands on horses. The main stress affects the foot rest suspensory apparatus during takeoff and forefoot during landing, although racing and spinning associated with jumps also puts torsion on the joints. Most of the injuries, chronic or acute, begin with tension; because the structure in the horse's body absorbs the shock of taking off and landing, they get a small amount of damage. Over time, this damage causes inflammation of tendons (tendinitis) and ligaments (desmitis). The most common injury to the forelimb occurs in the interosseal ligament and the superficial digital flexor tendon and, more rarely, the ligaments of the deep digital flexor tendon accessory. Filter on the superficial digital flexor larger when the fence jumps higher, so the horse may no longer be suitable for a competitive jump after damaging the equipment.
The jump effect on the hind leg may include injury to the proximal, medial, or lateral branch of the suspensory ligament. Horse jumps can also be at higher risk of developing osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) or other arthritic conditions, even at younger ages. Genetic and environmental components play a role in the development of OCD in horses: some families have weaker joints, but excessive growth in a short time, age-inappropriate exercise regimen and nutrients can also contribute. Jumping performance is mainly influenced by the presence of artropathic hocks. One study found that in breeding stock evaluation, horses with athropathies diagnosed radiographically on jute joints had lower scores than their healthy counterparts for canter quality, jumping techniques, and their abilities and character. Pain associated with arthropathic conditions is likely to make horses do not want to push strongly from their hindleg, the qualities required to jump and run and which can make the horse look lazy or unwilling to work.
Indications of inequality in horse jumps usually come in the form of a habitual change: a sudden or growing reluctance to change, land on a particular clue, or "add" a step and jump "in"; difficulty changing step length or making distance in combination; and develop habits such as hurry, stop and refuse, or often lead change. Unfortunately, many of these unwanted habits can also be the result of poor training, which challenges riders and owners to identify causes of bad behavior.
World record
The world record for the highest barrier cleared by horses and riders was set on February 5, 1949 by Huaso and his driver, Captain Alberto Larraguibel. The Thoroughbred stallion and its Chilean rider cleaned the fence by 2.47 meters (8 feet 1 inch) high. This record has lasted for 60 years. The record is held separately from record-breaking heights in the Puissance class, regularly holding high jump competitions at horse shows. The record for the highest hurdles cleared by horses and riders in the Puissance competition is held by Leonardo and his driver, Franke Sloothaak. In 1991, the couple jumped onto a puissance wall that stood 2.39 meters (7 ft 10 inches). Horses are also able to jump with a very wide hurdle. The world record of the long jump was set on April 26, 1975, by a horse named Something ridden by Mr. Andre Ferreira. The couple jumped as far as 8.4 meters (28 feet).
See also
- Horse Riding at the Summer Olympics
- Hunters field
- Horse barriers jump
- Horse show
- Hurdling (horse racing)
- National Hunting Race
- Show hunters
- Hunt hunter
- Show hunters (English)
- Steeplechase
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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