The 50 State Quarters program (Pub.L. 105-124, 111Ã, Stat.Ã, 2534, enacted on December 1, 1997) is the launch of a series of commemorative coins circulated by the United States Mint. From 1999 to 2008, it featured unique designs for each of the 50 US states behind the quarter.
The 50 Country Quarters program begins to support a new generation of coin collectors, and it becomes the most successful numismatic program in history, with about half of the US population collecting coins either in the usual way or as a serious pursuit. The US federal government has so far earned an additional $ 3.0 billion in profits from collectors taking coins from circulation.
In 2009, the US Mint began issuing quarterly under District Columbia 2009 and US Territorial Programs. The Territories Quarter Program is authorized by the passing of newer legislative acts, H.R. 2764. The program features District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, US Virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands.
Video 50 State Quarters
Disapproval of treasury and congressional arrangement
The origins of this program lie with the Committee of Counselors of Citizens Coins (CCCAC), appointed by Finance Minister Lloyd Bentsen in December 1993 and chaired by Mint Director Philip N. Diehl. From the first days of CCCAC, one of its members, David Ganz, urged the committee to support the 50 States program, and in 1995, the CCCAC did so. The committee then sought support from Representative Michael Castle (R-Delaware), chairman of the subcommittee of the Banking Council with jurisdiction over the country's currency. Castle's early memorial was completed when Diehl suggested coins issued in the order of the states entering the Union (Delaware, Castle state, was the first country to ratify the Constitution and enter the Union). The castle then held hearings and proposed legislation to certify the program.
Although supported by the mint director and finance ministers appointed by the CCCAC, the Ministry of Finance opposes the 50 States program, as warning coins have been identified with violations and excesses. The mint economic model estimates the program will get the government between $ 2.6 billion and $ 5.1 billion in additional seignorage and $ 110 million in additional numismatic gains. Diehl and Castle used this earnings projection to urge the Treasury's support, but Treasury officials found the projections lacking credibility (at the program's conclusion, Mint estimated the program had generated $ 3.0 billion in additional seigniorage and $ 136.2 million in additional numismatic benefits ).
Diehl worked with Castle behind the scenes to move the legislation forward despite the Treasury's rejection of the program. However, the Treasury suggested to Castle that the department should conduct research to determine the feasibility of the program. With Diehl's suggestion, Castle accepted the Treasury offer, and the agreement was codified in the United States Warning Coin Act of 1996. It also authorizes the secretary to proceed with the 50 States program without further congressional action if the results of the feasibility study are profitable.
The Treasury involved consulting firms Coopers and Lybrand to conduct research in 1997, confirming Mint's demand, seigniorage and projected numismatic profits for the program. Among other conclusions, the study found that 98 million Americans are likely to save one or more complete sets of quarters (at the conclusion of the program, Mint estimates that 147 million Americans collect 50 states). Nevertheless, the Ministry of Finance continues to oppose the program and refuses to proceed without a congressional mandate to do so.
In 1997, the Congress issued the mandate in the form of S. 1228, the "US Memorial Coinage Act", signed into law by President Bill Clinton on December 1, 1997.
Maps 50 State Quarters
Country Quarters Program
50 states are freed by the United States Mint every ten weeks, or five each year. They are released in the same order as those ratifying the Constitution. The quarterly turns commemorate one of the 50 states with unique historical design symbols, traditions and symbols. Certain design elements, such as country flags, live images, and the head-and-shoulders picture of the deceased are forbidden.
Mint legislation and procedures give the state a large role and considerable wisdom in determining the designs that will represent their country. The majority of countries follow a process whereby the governor asks citizens to submit design concepts and appoint advisory groups to oversee the process. The governor hands over three to five finalist design concepts to the finance minister for approval. Approved design returned to state for final design selection.
Countries usually use one of two approaches in making this choice. In 33 states, the governor chooses the final recommended draft, often on the recommendation of advisory groups and citizens. In 17 other countries, citizens choose the final design through online, telephone, letter or other public voice. US Mint engravers apply all the final design concepts approved by the treasury secretary. The media and public attention that surrounds this process and the release of each state is very intensive and generates significant publicity for the program.
The State Quarters program is the most popular commemorative coin program in the history of the United States; The United States Mint estimates that 147 million Americans have collected quarterly states and 3.5 million participated in the election of the country's quarterly draft.
In 1997, Congress passed the 50th State Warning Coins Program, which instructed the creation of a series of state quarters to "honor the unique Federal Republic of 50 States consisting of the United States and to promote the dissemination of knowledge among young people from the United States about their individual states, their history and geography, and the rich diversity of the national heritage... ", and to encourage" young people and their families to collect the unforgettable marks of all States for the nominal value of coins. "
While the number of mosaics of various designs varies greatly - Virginia quarters are nearly 20 times more than the Northern Mariana settlement - no regular circulation problem is rare enough to be a worthwhile investment.
There is, however, a measure of collector interest and controversy over wrong errors in the Wisconsin quarter. Some designs from Denver mint show a smaller leafless maize, others show small leaves pointing upwards, and others have leaf bending. A set of three quarters was sold on eBay in February 2005 for $ 300 and initially experienced a significant increase, like $ 1500 for individual coins, but on PCGS in August 2012 the list of specimen values ​​of MS-62 was about $ 150 each.
Another die cast error goes with the first Delaware quarter. Being the first model of the country quarter made, mint gave it a disproportionate weight causing the vending machine to not accept it. One quarter dead quickly repaired. Some Delaware places appear without the last E , now say, "FIRST STATUS".
A big mistake occurred in 2000 when the inverse death of the Sacagawea dollar was combined with the death of the front of a quarter of the state on dollar coins planchets to form what is known as a "mule". Only sixteen of these specimens, produced with dollar planchets, are out of mint.
A double double quarters of Minnesota 2005, as well as the 2005 Minnesota quarter with extra trees (another dead faults), have sparked numismatic interest. Unusual rest breaks in some 2005 quarters in Kansas created the bison humpback. Relatively more common are Kansas quarters with the motto "IN GOD WE RUST."
The United States produces proof coins in basic metal circulation and, since 1992, in separate sets sold with dimes, quarters, and half dollars in silver. For the silver issue, the 1999 set was the most valuable, being the first year of the series and with relatively small printing, although the price has dropped significantly since the 50th Quarter Programs Program ended. The devices in base metals, from this year or any other year, are worth only a fraction. A set of silver proofs from subsequent years, while having intrinsic value and collectors, is also valued much lower. The public is warned to check prices before buying a quarter of the advertised year or set of evidence.
In general, the program increases interest in quarterly and general coin collecting. A large number of advertisements, quarter of quarter products and information available for many years of running programs. Home Shopping Network, Franklin Mint, and Littleton Coin Company are among the most prominent in advertising space.
Seigniorage
Since the 50 Program Quarters of the State is expected to increase public demand for the quarter to be collected and extracted from, Mint uses an economic model to estimate the additional seigniorage that the program will generate. This estimate sets the range of $ 2.6 billion to $ 5.1 billion. (At the end of the program, Mint estimates the actual increase of seigniorage to $ 3 billion.) Mint also estimates the program will generate $ 110 million in additional numismatic benefits. (The post-program final estimate is $ 136.2 million.) Mint uses these estimates to support the proposed program, and laws that enact 50 states programs cite this estimate.
Satir
- On July 25, 2001, The Onion ran a satire message entitled "Gathering All Reasons Only 50 State Parliaments Just To Stay Alive".
- On May 4, 2005, this contains a further story entitled "US Gears Mint To Unbreed Justice County Debt".
- The Late Night show with Conan O'Brien shows some segments about fictitious satire design for new places in the state.
- The Sculptor Daniel Carr, whose designs are used for the New York and Rhode Island states and whose concept is adapted for the Maine quarter of the country, has created a series of parodies that make the concept of the state limited.
See also
- District of Columbia and the United States Region
- America the Beautiful Quarters
- Westward Journey Nickel Series
- $ 1 Presidential Coins Program
- Euro Coins
References
Bibliography
- Yeoman, R.S. (2010). United States Coins Handbook (edition 63). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing, LLC. ISBNÃ, 0-7948-2767-5.
External links
- 50 State Quarters Program Official Website of the United States Mint
- District of Columbia and United States Territories of the Official Website of the United States Mint
- 50 Criminal Warning Act Program Act
- Country Quarter Design
- Quarterly curse
- State Quarter Mintage
- Collect 50 Country Areas
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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