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A livestock is the area of â€‹â€‹land, including structures, especially those given for farming practices, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle or sheep for meat or wool. This word is most often applied to livestock raising operations in Mexico, the Western United States, and Canada, although there are farms in other areas. People who own or operate farms are called breeders , breeders , or cattle ranchers . Livestock is also a method used to keep less common livestock such as deer, American bison or even ostrich, emu, and alpaca.

Livestock generally consists of a large area, but probably almost any size. In the western United States, many farms are a combination of privately owned land supplied by land-grazing leases under the control of the federal Land Management Bureau or the US Forest Service. If farms cover irrigable or irrigated land, farms can also farm in limited quantities, cultivating crops to feed animals, such as straw and seeds.

Farms that cater specifically to tourists are called guest ranches or, everyday language, "dude ranches." Most working farms do not serve guests, although they allow private hunters or outfitters to their property to hunt native wildlife. In recent years, however, several small operations have added some livestock features, such as horseback riding, cattle movers or guided hunting, in an effort to earn additional income. The ranch is part of the iconography "Wild West" as seen in Western movies and rodeos.

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Farming occupation

People who own and manage livestock operations are usually called breeders , but the terms breeders , horsemen , or stockman are also sometimes used. If the individual responsible for the overall management is the employee's true employee, the terms foreman or the farm foreman is used. A breeder who mainly raises young stocks is sometimes called a cow-calf operator or a cow man. This person is usually the owner, although in some cases, especially where there is absentee ownership, it is the farm manager or foreman of the farm.

People who become livestock employees and are involved in the handling of livestock are called a number of terms, including cowhand , farm hand, and cowboy . People who engage exclusively with horse handles are sometimes called wranglers.

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Origins of ranching

The cowboy and cowboy tradition are from Spain, due to the need to handle large herds of animals grazing on dry land from the horse. During Reconquista, members of the Spanish nobility and various military orders received a large land grant which had been ruled by the Moorish Castile Kingdom. The owners of these lands must retain the land they control and can use it to earn income. In the process it was found that open breeding of sheep and cattle (under the Mesta system) was the most suitable use for large tracts, especially in parts of Spain now known as Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura and Andalusia.

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History in North America

Spanish North America

When the Conquistadors came to America in the sixteenth century, followed by settlers, they brought cattle and farming techniques with them. Large land grants by the Spanish government (and later Mexico), part of the hacienda system, allow large numbers of animals to roam freely over large areas. A number of different traditions are developed, often related to the original location in Spain from which the settlements originated. For example, many traditions of Jalisco charros in central Mexico originated from Salamanca charros from Castile. The vaquero tradition in northern Mexico is more organic, developed to adapt to regional characteristics from Spanish sources through cultural interaction between the Spanish elite and indigenous people and mestizo .

United States

As settlers from the United States move to the west, they carry cattle breeds developed on the east coast and in Europe with them, and adjust their management to dryer land in the west by borrowing key elements of the Spanish vaquero culture.

However, there are cattle on the east coast. Deep Hollow Ranch, 110 miles (180 km) east of New York City in Montauk, New York, claims to be the first ranch in the United States, which continues to operate since 1658. This farm makes a somewhat arguable claim about having the oldest cattle surgery on this day is the United States, although livestock has been practiced in the area since European settlers bought land from Indians in the area in 1643. Although there are many cattle on Long Island, as well as the need to shepherd them to and from seasonal grazing on a seasonal basis, livestock handlers actually live in houses built on grazing land, and cows are marked for identification, rather than stamped. The only "drive cattle" held on Long Island consisted of a single drive in 1776, when the island's cattle were moved in a failed attempt to prevent them being captured by the British during the American Revolution, and three or four drives in the late 1930s, when cattle the area was led down the Montauk Highway to a pasture near Deep Hollow Ranch.

Open Range

The grasslands and deserts that now are Mexico and the western United States are perfect for grazing "open". For example, American bison has been a mainstay diet for Native Americans in the Great Plains for centuries. Similarly, livestock and other livestock are only released in the spring after their children are born and allowed to roam with little supervision and no fence, then be caught in the autumn, with marketed adult animals and stock breeding brought to the farm headquarters for protection bigger in winter. The use of livestock branding allows cattle owned by different breeders to be identified and sorted. Beginning with Texas settlements in the 1840s, and expanding both north and west of that time, through the Civil War and into the 1880s, livestock dominated western economic activity.

Along with breeders come the need of agricultural crops to feed humans and livestock, and therefore many farmers also come to the west along with the breeders. Many operations are "diversified," with ongoing farming and farming activities. With the Homestead Act of 1862, more settlers came to the west to set up farms. This creates some conflicts, due to the increasing number of farmers needed to fence the fields to prevent cattle and sheep eating their crops. Barbed wire, discovered in 1874, gradually made a breakthrough in fencing private land, especially for homesteads. There are several land reductions in the Great Plains that are open for grazing.

End of Open Range

The tip of the open range is not caused by the reduction of the land due to crop agriculture, but because it is too much to eat. The cattle that are spread out in the open creates a common tragedy because every breeder seeks increased economic benefits by grazing too many animals on public land that "nobody" has. However, as a non-native species, the increasing pattern of livestock grazing slowly reduces the quality of the rangeland, despite the simultaneous massacres of the American bison. The winter of 1886-87 was one of the most severe in the record, and the farms that had been suppressed by reduced shepherding died by thousands of people. Many major livestock operations went bankrupt, and others suffered severe financial losses. Thus, after this time, farmers also began fencing their land and negotiating individual grazing rents with the American government so that they can maintain better control over the pasture land available to their own animals.

farm in Hawaii

Livestock in Hawaii is developed independently of that in the continental United States. In colonial times, Captain George Vancouver gave some cows to the Hawaiian king, Pai`ea Kamehameha, king of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and in the early nineteenth century they had multiplied, to the extent that they wreaked havoc. rural. Around 1812, John Parker, a sailor who had jumped aboard and settled on the islands, received permission from Kamehameha to catch wild cattle and develop the beef industry.

Hawaiian breeding styles initially included catching wild cattle by dumping them into holes dug in the forest floor. After being somewhat tamed by hunger and thirst, they are pulled up steep paths, and tied by their horns to the tame horns, old males (or oxen) and taken to the fenced area. The industry grew slowly under the reign of Kamehameha's son, Liholiho (Kamehameha II). When Liholiho's son, Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III), visited California, then still part of Mexico, he was impressed with the skills of the Mexican vallelo. In 1832, he invited some to Hawaii to teach the Hawaiians how to work cattle.

Hawaiian cowboys are then called paniolo , Hawaiianized pronunciation espaÃƒÆ' Ã‚ Â± ol. Even today, traditional Hawaiian saddles and many other livestock trading tools have Mexican appearances, and many families of Hawaiian farms still carry the vaqueros family name that makes Hawaii their home.

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farming in South America

In Argentina, farms are known as estancias, and in Brazil they are called fazendas. In most of South America, including Ecuador and Colombia, the term hacienda may be used. Ranchero or Rancho is also a common term used throughout Latin America.

In colonial times, from pampas areas in South America to Brazil's Minas Gerais state, including the semi-arid Argentine and southern Brazilian pamads, were often suitable for livestock, and tradition developed it. mostly parallel to Mexico and the United States. The gaucho culture of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay is one of the breeding traditions born during that period. However, in the 20th century, livestock increased to a less suitable area in the Pantanal. Particularly in Brazil, the twentieth century marked the rapid growth of deforestation, as rainforest land was cleared by slash and burn methods that allowed grass to grow for livestock, but also caused land depletion in just a few years. Many native rainforests oppose cattle farming and protest the burned forests to establish grazing and agricultural operations. This conflict is still a concern in the region today.

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Animal Husbandry Outside America

In Spain, where the origin of farms can be traced, there are ganaderÃƒÆ'as operating in dehesa -the land type, where bull fights are raised. However, the concept of "livestock" is not visible to a significant degree throughout western Europe, where there is far less land and sufficient rainfall allowing the increase of livestock in much smaller farms.

In Australia, equitable farmland is known as a 'station' in the context of what stock they carry - usually referred to as livestock stations or sheep stations. New Zealand uses the terms run and the station.

In South Africa, large farm holdings are known only as farms (sometimes farms) in South Africa England or Africa Plaas in Afrikaans.

The world's largest livestock station is located in Australia's harsh meadow in the hinterland. The owners of these stations are known as 'grazier', especially if they live on the property. Employees are known as stockmen, jackaro and ringers rather than cowboys. A number of Australian farms are larger than 10,000 kmÂ², with the largest being Anna Creek Station measuring 23,677Ãƒ, kmÃƒ,Ã‚Â² in the area (about eight times the largest US Ranch). Anna Creek is owned by S Kidman & amp; Together.

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References

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Ranch

Rabu, 06 Juni 2018

Ranch

Video Ranch

Farming occupation

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Origins of ranching