A mule is a donkey's son and a mare (a mare). Horses and donkeys are different species, with different chromosome numbers. Of the two F1 hybrids (the first generation hybrids) between these two species, a donkey is easier to obtain than a hinny, which is the offspring of a donkey (jenny) and a stallion (horse).
The size of a donkey and the work it relies on is dependent on the breeding of its mother (dam) parent. Mules can be lightweight, medium weight, or when manufactured from designer horses, weighing heavily. Mules is considered more patient, tough and long-lived than a horse, and described as less stubborn and smarter than a donkey.
Video Mule
Biology
The donkey is valued because, despite its size and wrapping capability, it is stronger than a horse of the same size and inherits the endurance and disposition of the donkey, which tends to require less food than a horse of similar size. Mules also tend to be more independent than most domestic horses other than their parent species, donkeys.
The average weight range for donuts is between about 370 and 460 kg (820 and 1,000 pounds). While some donkeys can carry a live weight of up to 160 kg (353 lb), the superiority of the donkey becomes clear in their extra durability.
In general, mules can be packed with dead weight of up to 20% of their body weight, or about 90 kg (198 pounds). Although dependent on individual animals, it has been reported that the mules trained by the Pakistani Army can carry up to 72 kilograms (159 lb) and travel 26 kilometers (16.2 mi) without rest. The average horse can generally carry up to about 30% of its body weight in its lifetime, such as a rider.
A female mule has an estrus cycle and thus, in theory, can carry a fetus, called "molly" or "Molly mule", although the term is sometimes used to refer to a female donkey in general. Pregnancy is rare, but it can sometimes occur naturally or through embryo transfer. The true male donkey is called the donkey's horse, though often called john mule , which is the correct term for the canned ass. A young mule is called a horse donkey, and a young woman is called a mule mule .
Maps Mule
Characteristics
With his short, thick head, long ears, thin limbs, narrow little nails, and short manes, donkeys share the characteristics of the donkey. In height and body, the shape of the neck and the buttocks, the uniformity of the mantle, and the teeth, looks like a horse. Bagal comes in all sizes, shapes and conformations. There are donkeys that resemble large design horses, sturdy rockhorse horses, nice horse racing horse, hairy horse and more.
Bagal is an example of hybrid power. Charles Darwin writes: "The mule always seems to me the most shocking animal, that hybrids must have more reason, memory, hardness, social affection, muscle endurance, and length of life, than one of their parents, art that has been here lost to nature. "
The mule inherits from its male characteristics of intelligence, firmness, resilience, endurance, disposition, and natural alertness. From its dams it inherits speed, conformation, and agility. Mules are known to have higher cognitive intelligence than their parent species. That said, there is a lack of strong scientific evidence to support this claim. There are preliminary data from at least two evidence-based studies, but they rely on a series of specialized cognitive tests and a small number of subjects. Mules are generally higher on the shoulder than the donkey and have better endurance than the horse, although the top speed is lower.
Worker animal handlers generally find donkeys better than horses: the donkeys are more patient under heavy load pressure, and their skins are harder and less sensitive than horses, making them better able to withstand sunlight and rain. Their nails are harder than horses, and they show a natural resistance to diseases and insects. Many North American farmers with clay find a superior donkey as a plow.
A donkey does not sound exactly like a donkey or a horse. Instead, a donkey makes a sound similar to a donkey, but also has a braying horse's character (often begins with a whimper, ends with heavy thirst). Mules sometimes whimper.
Variety of colors and sizes
Mules come in different shapes, sizes and colors, from minis under £ 50 (23 kg) to over 1,000 pounds (454 kg), and in different colors. The donkey coat has the same varieties as the horse. Common colors are reddish, bay, black, and gray. Less common are white, roans, palomino, dun, and buckskin. The most common are mules or tobianos paint. Mules from Appaloosa mare produce highly colored donkeys, like their Appaloosa horse relatives, but with even more tilted colors. Appaloosa colors are produced by a gene complex known as the Leopard (Lp) complex. Homozygous Mares for the Lp gene bred to any colored donkey will produce a speckled ass.
Distribution and use
Mules has historically been used by troops to transport supplies, sometimes as firing platforms for smaller guns, and to withdraw more severe field rifles with wheels over mountains like in Afghanistan during the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports that China is the top market for mules in 2003, followed by Mexico and many Central and South American countries.
Fertility
Mules and hinnies have 63 chromosomes, a mixture of 64 horses and donkeys 62. Different structures and numbers usually prevent chromosomes to pair properly and create successful embryos, thus making most mules infertile.
There is no record of a fertile stallion case. Some female donkeys have produced offspring when mated to race horses or mules. Herodotus gives an explanation of such an event as a bad omen of Xerxes's invasion of Greece in 480 BC: "There was also another kind of omen when he was in Sardis, - a mule gave birth to young and gave birth to mules" (Herodotus The Histories > 7:57), and the birth of a donkey is a sign often recorded in ancient times, although scientific writers also doubt whether it is really possible (see eg Aristotle,
As of October 2002, there were only 60 cases of mules birthing documented since 1527. In China in 2001, a female donkey produced a foal. In Morocco in early 2002 and Colorado in 2007, the female donkeys produced colts. The blood and hair samples from Colorado-born verified that her mother was indeed a donkey and the foal was indeed her descendant.
A 1939 article in the Journal of Heredity describes two offspring of a fertile mare named "Old Bec", owned at that time by A & amp; M College of Texas (now Texas A & M University) in the late 1920s. One of the filly is a female, which is dominated by jack. Unlike her mother, it's sterile. The others, which were covered by Saddlebred's five stamped horses, did not show any donkey characteristics. The horse, the stallion, was bred into several horses, which gave birth to a living foal that did not show the characteristics of the donkey.
The modern usage
In the second half of the 20th century, the use of donkey area decreased in industrialized countries. The use of donkeys for agriculture and transport of agricultural products largely gives way to modern tractors and trucks. However, in the United States, a number of special donkey breeds continue the tradition as a hobby and continue the breeding outline of American Mammoth Jacks that started in the United States by George Washington with a gift from the King of Spain from two Zamorano-LeonÃÆ' Donkeys it is better to produce mules until modern saddle mules now appear. The exhibition shows where the donkeys pull heavy burdens have now joined the competing donkeys in the journey of Western and British pleasures, as well as the competition of clothing and jumping competitions. Now there is a cable TV show dedicated to train donkeys and donkeys. Mules, once harassed at traditional horse performances, have been accepted for the competition at the world's most exclusive horse show in all disciplines.
Mules are still widely used to transport cargo in areas without rough roads, such as large desert areas in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California or the Pasayten Desert in northern Washington state. Commercial pack mules are used on a recreational basis, such as to supply mountain base camps, and also to supply trace and maintenance crews, and inland-producing building crews. In July 2014, there were at least sixteen commercial bag strip stations in business in the Sierra Nevada. The Angeles Chapter of the Sierra Club has a Mule Package section that organizes hiking trips with supplies brought by mules.
Amish farmers, who reject tractors and most other modern technology for religious reasons, usually use six or eight donkeys to pull plows, rake discs, and other farm equipment, even though they use horses to pull trains on the road.
During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, the United States used a large number of donkeys to carry arms and supplies on the heavily Afghan battlefields to the mujahideen. The use of donkeys by US troops continued during the War in Afghanistan (2001-2014), and the United States Marine Corps has held an 11-day Unit of Animals Training since the 1960s at the Mountain War Training Center located in Sierra Nevada near Bridgeport, California.
Train
A donkey cart is a channel connected or not connected to a mules package , usually carrying cargo. Because of the mule's ability to carry at least as many horses, their properties become confident-footed along with their tolerance of poorer rough food and the ability to tolerate dry terrain, donkey carts are the way the generalized caravan organized an animal-powered mass transportation tool back into pre-classical times. In many climates and indirect events, the equivalent horse rope must carry more food and sacks containing high-energy grains such as wheat, so it can carry less payloads. In modern times, sturdy donkey ropes have been used to carry riders in the dangerous but beautiful outback areas such as visits to the canyon.
The train package is instrumental in opening up West America as a dark-legged animal that can carry up to 250 pounds, survive in rough cages, need no feed, and can operate on the drier highlands of the Rockies, serving as a primary cargo vehicle. to the west of Missouri during the heyday of North American fur trade. Their antedated use of moving west to the Rockies as the colonial Americans sent the first feather trap and explorer past the Appalachian which was then followed west by the high-risk settlers by the 1750s (such as Daniel Boone) who led an increase in emigrant floods that began pushing west to southern New York, and through the Allegheny crevices to Ohio State (western regions of Virginia Province and Pennsylvania Province), to Tennessee and Kentucky before and especially after the American Revolution.
Artificial trains have been part of the recent part of the transportation relations of work in 2005 by the World Food Program.
In the nineteenth century, a team of twenty donkeys, for example, consisted of eighteen donkeys and two horses attributed to a large wagon carrying borax from Death Valley from 1883 to 1889. These carts were among the largest ever drawn by livestock , designed to carry 10 short (9 metric tons) of borax ore at a time.
Clone
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments