Harness racing is a form of horse racing where horses race against a particular style (running or running). They usually pull on a two-wheeled wagon called sulky, occupied by a driver, although in Europe, the jockey rides directly on the trotters being burdened ( trot montà ©  © in French) is also done.
Video Harness racing
Breeds
In North America, race harnesses are restricted to Standardbred horses, though the European racehorse may also be French Trotters or Russian Trotters, or have a mixed ancestry with lineages of many descendants. Orlov Trotters race separately in Russia. Coldblood light trotters are cold-blooded and Finnhorses raced separately in Finland, Norway and Sweden.
Standardbreds are so named because in the early years of Standardbred's stud books only horses could run or walk a mile in standard time (or whose offspring could do so) no more than 2 minutes, 30 seconds received in the book. The horses have legs that are proportionately shorter than Thoroughbreds, and longer bodies. Standardbreds generally have a quieter disposition, due to a non-Thoroughbred blood mixture in the breed.
The founder of Standardbred's horse today is Messenger, a gray Thoroughbred brought to America in 1788 and purchased by Henry Astor, brother of John Jacob Astor. From Messenger came the great-grandchild, Hambletonian 10 (1849-1876), who gained a lot of followers for his racing prowess. However, this is the line he most remembered. The pedigree of almost every American Standardbred horse can be traced from four of the Hambletonian's 10 sons.
Maps Harness racing
Races
Racing can be done in two different ways - running and running. The difference is that a trotter moves his leg forward in diagonal pairs (right front and left back, then left front and rear right hit the ground simultaneously), while pacer moves his legs laterally (right front and right back together, then left front and rear left). In continental Europe, races are performed exclusively among trotters, while in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK and United States races are also held for pacers.
Pacing racing covers 80% to 90% of the harness races performed in North America. Horse pacing faster and (most importantly for bettors) is less likely to break the pace (horses that start running should be slowed and carried out until back running or running). One reason the comedians are less likely to stop stepping is because they often wear hobbles (the rope that connects the legs on each side of the horse). The belief that hobbles are used to create this gait is a common misconception. Its speed is a natural walking style for many horses, and hobbles are a help to support the gait at high speed; Trotting hobbles (which use different designs, due to different gait styles) are becoming increasingly popular for the same reason.
Most of the harness races start from behind the motor start gate. The horses lined up behind the slowly hinged gates on motor vehicles, which then led them to the starting line. On that line, the gate wings are folded and the vehicle accelerates away from the horses. Another type of start is a standing start, where there are cassettes or imaginary lines along the tracks behind horses that either stand stationary or run in circles in pairs in a certain pattern to hit the starting line as a group. This allows defects to be placed on horses (by class) with multiple tapes, typically with a distance of 10 or 20 meters between tapes. Many European races - and some Australians and New Zealanders - are using a great start.
The sulky (informally known as "bike") is a lightweight, two-wheeled wheel fitted with a bicycle wheel. The driver (not a "jockey", as in pure racing) carries a light whip normally used to signal the horse by knocking and making a sound by plugging in a sulky rod. There are strict rules about how and whips are possible; in some jurisdictions (such as Norway), whips are forbidden. For training or training, the racer uses what is known as a "stroller," which is a heavier and denser sulky than a racing unit.
Racing
French
The Prix d'Amà © à © rique is considered the number one race in the world. It's held annually at the giant Vincennes hippodrome in eastern Paris late January. The wallet for the race in 2016 is 1 million euros, with roughly half of it for the winner. Horses are included in the race based on lifetime earnings, unless they are qualified to perform well in the previous six qualifying races.
Sweden is the "locomotive" of harness racing in Scandinavia. This is a professional annual event, even at very high latitudes during winter.
In Sweden there are 33 race tracks, and in Finland 43. In comparison, there are only three pure horse races in Sweden. One of them (JÃÆ'¤gersro) is a combination of race tracks and standards, while others are only used once every year. So the only "pure" pure path in Sweden is Bro Park.
At Solvalla on the outskirts of Stockholm, the main Standardbred mileage race is held at the end of May each year, Elitloppet ( Elite race). Another important annual race is Svenskt travkriterium, a race restricted to a three-year-old boy, also held at Solvalla. Swedish Trotting Derby (open for the best four-year-old horses) was held in September at JÃÆ'¤gersro in MalmÃÆ'¶. The last racecourse also hosts Hugo ÃÆ'â € | bergs Memorial, which is an international race open to all horses.
Other important race races in Scandinavia are ÃÆ'â € | outside Gothenburg, Mantorp, Axevalla, BergsÃÆ'  ¥ ker, Boden (almost in the polar circle) and Charlottenlund in the Danish capital of Copenhagen.
The betting game called V75 is the number one game to bet on. The winners of seven (pre-decided) races (with 12 or 15 horses) should be taken. A single "row" is very cheap to play, but people usually play big systems, pick winners in one or two races and some horses in other races. The price for a system grows quickly if many horses are selected in the race. The price for one "line" is 1 SEK (about 0.12 euros) but if, for example, bet on 2, 5, 1, 7, 7, 1, and 4 horses in seven races, the price will double to 2 x 5 x 1 x 7 x 7 x 1 x 4 = 1960 SEK (approx 205 euros). Superiors win money if they get seven, six or five horses right inside the system. But the difference between choosing all 7 winners and only five big, in terms of money to win.
The V75 race is a distance of 1640 m ("short"), 2140 m ("normal"), 2640 m ("long") and rarely 3140 m ("extra long"). The length of the race track is usually 1000 meters (inner pass) with two long sides and two indentations. Horses run counter-clockwise. Horses are classified based on how much prize money they get through the entire career of the horse. The classification is from the lowest and the top:
- Class III
- Class II
- Class I
- Bronze division
- Silver division
- Gold division
- There's also a seventh class, just for horses. But the horse also belongs to one of the other six classifications.
Male horses (and gelding castrated) are considered slightly better in general. In pure horse racing horses, horses of a higher classification get 20, 40 or up to 60 meters extra for running. The addition of distance also occurs in inter-class races. Examples of such races can be a Silver division against Class II. In such a case, the Silver Division horse must walk 60 m behind an inexperienced Class II horse.
Some races use mobile start gates as seen in the United States. Other races (up to 16 horses) use a circular start system. Horses with positions 1 through 5 are in the first wave, 6-12 or 15 are in the second wave. In volts starting a good starting point (which automatically changes to a certain position) is 1, 3 and 5 (slightly better than 2 and 4). But the numbers 6 and 7 (which start in the second volt along with the number 8 and higher) may get better speeds after turn-around but before the initial whistle sounds. Horses may have different initial velocities, but should not exceed the starting line before the initial signal sounds. Horses number 6 and 7 both can get better speeds at the starting line, and no horses in front of them. Since this number 6 and number 7 is known as "running track" at start of volt. Horse 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, 14, 15 have all the horses in front of them. But to benefit from the "running track" the horse should be "fast starter".
The beginning of the race and the starting position (equal to the specified amount as described above) is important, independent of the original method. Excellent horses in a race with a weak opponent but with a poor starting score (like 12 or higher) may not be a top favorite because of a bad starting position, especially at short distances.
After the start driver struggles to get a good run position . How well it works depends on the horse, the initial position and how the opponent pushes their horses. Due to the width of sulk and the overt oblong racing track is a much more difficult maneuver to achieve, compared to racing racing. "Walking battle" during the start and start of the race usually ends at the first corner. After the initial fight for a good running position, horses usually form two lines or tracks. Good running position is the leading position of the inner track or second place (or third) on the outside track. This is explained by the fact that the outer trajectory is close to 15 meters longer per lap, the front run is always heavier than just following behind (like cycling). The position on the inner track behind the leader may seem best. But as explained before, overtaking is not an easy maneuver. And the horses on the inner track can be trapped well to the end, because of the horses and scabies on the outside track. On the other hand, if the opening on the outer track looks close to the finish line, that horse has an "easy ride" with plenty of power left to give.
At a short distance (1640 meters), the horse who gets the leading position of the inner lane has an excellent chance of being a winner. In longer races (with even competitors) running a second or third position on the outer track has a good chance, especially if the horses inside the track are trapped behind a weakened front horse.
Despite all types of bets in terms of money, is the most popular betting type in Sweden, participants in the race do not fit this. Even when the "V75 circuit comes to town" attendance rarely exceeds 5000 people. Bigger crowds just gathered in the biggest race. Tracing racing as a sport is often considered boring, but when combined with bets, it can quickly become interesting. The popularity of huge trot bets in Sweden "spills" into adjacent Norway (11 race tracks), Finland (43) and Denmark (9).
Other countries in Europe
Sports and betting trotting also exist in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Malta, Russia and Ireland. In Italy the "trotto" is as popular as "galoppo".
North America
Almost all North American races are within a mile (1,609 m). Most of the races are run on tracks constructed solely for harness races (some with turn turns), but some tracks do harness and Thoroughbred racing. North American harness horses get a "mark" (a record), which is their fastest time win at that distance. Harness races involve many strategies.
Although most of the race is a mile, the race is contested on several different track sizes. The most common tracks are 1/2 mile, 5/8 mile, and 1 mile. Certain horses are better on smaller tracks and others are better on a 1 mile track because of fewer turns. Also, on shorter tracks, early velocity is important, while longer track track trajectory likes horses at a late speed to win from behind.
Usually, some drivers will struggle to lead away from the gate. They then try to avoid the "inner pack" when the horses form two lines - one on the rail and the other outside - in the second quarter of a mile. They may decide to move forward; to race ahead outside ("first up", difficult position); or race with "cover" on the outside. On the rails behind the leader is the place of choice, known as the "pocket", and the horse in that position is said to have a "garden journey". The third on the rail is an undesirable place, known on a small track as a "death hole".
As the race approaches the three-quarter mile mark, the drivers apply their tactics to advance their position - will lead early; around the field; moving up the open rail; advancing behind a horse that is expected to be tired and so on. Horse harness accelerated during the last quarter mile of the race. The finish of the race harness is interesting, and often very close. The jury has a final photo camera to help them determine the finished sequence if needed.
Until the 1990s, the harness track featured rails on the inside, much like the tracks in the Thoroughbred. This "rail hub" is replaced by a short row of poles (usually of a flexible material), which marks the internal boundary of course. This change is mainly for security reasons; allowing the driver to climb into the inside of the field if necessary, such as when their horse stops moving but they can not move outside in confinement, thus avoiding injury to himself, his horse, and other competitors.
This change allows another innovation, "open-open stretching". (In 2011 open track racing is not universal.). An additional line is available to the inside where the rails will occur. If the race leader is positioned on a rail at the top of the hive, the leader is required by the rules to maintain that line (or move farther out), while the horse behind the leader can move to the open lane with space to pass the leader whenever possible. This solves a common problem, in which trailing the horse "box in" (behind the leader, with other horses outside). This makes the race more wide open, with higher prizes - and more attractive to bettors.
Australia and New Zealand
Australian racing differs from North American racing within the range of metrics used, generally above the equivalent of a mile and the horses are ranked by how many wins they have. Another big difference is that in Australian racing the leader does not have to give any hint to any challenging horse, often leaving a horse parked outside the leader in the "death seat" or simply "death" (known as "facing the breeze" in New Zealand), because this horse covers more land than the leader. Australian racing generally has more horses in every race; fields 12 or 13 are not uncommon. This usually means that with smaller tracks, "three wide trains" begin when the field gets a buzzer in their last lap signal.
New Zealand's racing is very similar to Australia. Many horses can easily "cross the Tasman" and compete well on both sides of the sea separating Australia and New Zealand. In New Zealand and Australia the same system of 'open lanes' operates, although in Australia it is called 'running track' and in New Zealand 'passing track'. These pathways do not operate on all lines and have become a point of argument among many industry players.
The Getting Started Gate Modern used in Australia now includes Automatic start. This innovation allows the starter to concentrate on the actual horse position during "upscale" scores.
The modern Early Gate uses only the driver to direct the vehicle and the starter at the rear to observe the race and call the wrong start if necessary. Initial velocity, acceleration, distance score, and gate closure are controlled through a computer system, which controls the vehicle and gives the printout at the end of the score. Several harness racing clubs have been given additional funding for the installation of AVA computerized mobile barriers.
Important race
United States and Canada
The important annual competitions include Hambletonian for 3-year trotters, Little Brown Jug for 3-year-old golfers, and a Breeders Crown series of twelve races covering each category of traditional age, gait and gender. The Hambletonian is part of the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Trotters and Little Brown Jug is part of the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers. The major Canadian races include the Gold Cup and Dishes at Charlottetown Driving Park, North America (for pacers), Canadian Pacing Derby and Maple Leaf Trot.
The harness racing industry hosts the annual International Circuit, which includes many of the most prestigious races for pioneers and trotters. Founded in 1871 and first performed in 1873 on four lines, the Grand Circuit is now visiting 17 tracks in the upcoming 2012 season.
The most famous harness tracks in North America are Racetrack Meadowlands in New Jersey, Yonkers Raceway in Yonkers, New York, The Red Mile in Kentucky and Woodbine Racetrack and Mohawk Raceway, both in Ontario. Since 1947, the Association of "Harness Writers of the United States" annually voted for " Harness Horse of the Year ." From the beginning, a pioneer has received 31 honors and trotter 26 times.
Australia and New Zealand
The Australasian racing marquee event is the Inter Dominion Series, which includes paced series and running series. The series is held every year and played around the Australian State Controlling Bodies and every four years Inter Dominion Championships are held in New Zealand.
Major events for open-age pioneers in Australia are Miracle Mile Pace, A.G. Hunter Cup, Victoria Cup, and Pacing Championship Australia. The most prestigious event for three-year-olds includes Derby Victoria, Derby New South Wales and Derby Australia. For the younger horses there are series that come from annual sales including Australian Pacing Gold and Australian Crown Hawkers.
In New Zealand, the main races include the Auckland Cup and the New Zealand Cup as well as the Noel J Taylor Memorial Mile and the New Zealand Messenger Championship for four-year-olds. There are also New Zealand Derby and Great North Derby for three-year-olds, and Dominion and Rowe Cup for trotters. The Harness Jewels raceday (year-end championships for two, three and four years) takes place in late May/early June
Continental Europe
The leading harness racing countries in Europe are France, Italy and Sweden, and this sport is quite popular in most northern European countries. Almost every race in Europe is a race that runs.
The Prix d'Amà © à © rique at Vincennes hippodrome near Paris, France is widely regarded as the most prestigious event of the year in European racing. Other notable races include the Elitloppet race a mile on the Solvalla line near Stockholm, Sweden and the Gran Premio Lotteria at Agnano in Naples, Italy. The annual Grand Circuit tour for top trotters includes a number of prestigious European races. All the famous racing countries also host their highly respected premier event for the young horses.
MontÃÆ'Â © (race for saddle) was recently introduced on a larger scale in Sweden and Norway, to increase interest and recruitment to sports. The burdened events are also common in France and although less often, they are not considered exceptional in other European countries.
See also
- Harness Racing Museum & amp; Hall of Fame
- Canadian Horse Racing Hall
- ÃÆ' â € žlgen Stolta
- VIP Stable
References
External links
- The Horseman And Fair World
- Harness Central Australian News
- Harnesslink Harness Racing Portal - Global News
- Harness Edge Harness Racing News
- United States Trotting Assoc.
- Standardbred Canada
- New Zealand Harness Racing
- The Journal of French Trotting
- Harness Racing Video produced by Wisconsin Public Television
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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