horse draft (US), draft horse (English and Commonwealth) or rocking horse (from Old English dragan Means "drawing or transporting": compare the Dutch dragons and German tragans meaning "to carry" and Danish drage meaning "draw" or "to fare"), less commonly called carthorse , working horses or heavy horse , is a large horse raised to be an animal worker performing tasks heavy as plowing and other peasants. There are a number of breeds, with varying characteristics, but they all have a common trait of benign strength, patience, and temperament that make them indispensable to pre-industrial peasant generation.
Draft horses and draft crossbreds are versatile breeds used today for many purposes, including agriculture, horse design, logging, recreation, and other uses. They are also commonly used for cross-breeding, especially for light riding races such as Thoroughbred, for the purpose of creating a warmblood type sport horse. While most of the horse drafts are used for riding, they can be driven and some lighter design races are players that have the ability under the saddle.
Video Draft horse
Characteristics
Draft horses can be recognized by their tall stature and very muscular. In general, they tend to have more upright shoulders, resulting in more upright movements and matching conformations to attract. They tend to have wide and short backs with strong hind legs, again best suited for interesting purposes. In addition, the design race usually has a heavy bone, and many feathers on its lower legs. Many have straight profiles or "Roman noses" (convex profiles). Draft breeds range from about 16 to 19 hands (64 to 76 inches, 163 to 193 cm) tall and from 1,400 to 2,000 pounds (640 to 910 kg).
Draft horses that are crossed on light riding horses add height and weight to the next breed, and can increase the strength and "scope" of the animal's movements.
The biggest horse in recorded history is probably the Shire named Mammoth, who was born in 1848. He has a height of 21.2 hands (86 inches, height 218 218 cm), and his weight is estimated at 1,524 kilograms (3,360 pounds). In more than 19 hands (76Ã, inches, 193Ã, cm), Shire shepherding named Goliath was the record holder of the Guinness Book of World Records for the world's tallest horse until his death in 2001.
Maps Draft horse
History
Humans tame horses and needed them to perform various tasks. One type of horse-powered work is hauling heavy loads, plowing rice fields, and other tasks that require interesting skills. Heavy, calm, patient, muscular animals are highly desirable for this work. Conversely, light and more energetic horses are required for ride and fast transportation. So, as far as possible, a certain number of selective breeds are used to develop different types of horses for different types of work.
It is a common misconception that the Destriers who brought armored knights of the Middle Ages had the size and conformation of the modern draft horse, and some of these medieval war horses might have given some of the lineages to some of the modern design races. The fact is that the vibrant and fast-paced Destrier is closer to the size, build, and temperament of modern and Frisian Andalusian. There are also farming horses that work with apathetic temperaments that are more widely used to pull military carts or do ordinary agricultural work that provides modern horse line designs. The records show that even the medieval draft is not as big as today. From a modern breed, Percheron may have the closest connection to a medieval war horse.
In the 19th century, horses weighing more than 1,600 pounds (730 kg) were also moving at fast speeds into demand. Tall stature, muscular back and strong hind legs make the horse draft a source of "horsepower" to farm, carry goods and transport passengers, especially before the railroads are widely used. Even in the 20th century, horse drafts were used for practical work, including more than half a million used during World War I to support military efforts.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of horse drafts were imported from Western Europe to the United States. Percherons comes from France, Belgium from Belgium, Shires from England, Clydesdales from Scotland. Many American design registries were established at the end of the 19th century. The Percheron, with 40,000 registered broodmares in 1915, was the most widely breed in America at the turn of the 20th century. The breeds developed exclusively in the US are the American Cream Draft, which has stud studs that were founded in the 1930s.
Beginning in the late 19th century, and with the rise of mechanization in the 20th century, especially after World War I in the United States and after World War II in Europe, the popularity of internal combustion engines, and especially tractors, reduced the need for draft horses. Many are sold to slaughter for horse meat and some breeds have decreased significantly.
Today's draft horses are most often seen in performances, attracting competition and entering in competitions called "heavy horses", or as exhibit animals attract large carts. However, they are still visible in some small farms in the US and Europe. They are very popular with groups like Amish and Mennonite farmers, as well as people who want to farm with renewable resources. They are sometimes also used during forest management to remove logs from dense forests where there is not enough room for mechanization techniques. Draft horse draft also plays an important role in the development of a number of warm-blooded breeds, which are popular today in international FEI competitions up to the Olympic Equestrian level.
Small areas still exist where horse drafts are widely used as transportation, as laws prevent automotive traffic, such as in Mackinac Island in the United States.
Cares
Feeding, caring and transporting a ton of draft horses is expensive. Although many horse concepts can work without the need for shoes, if needed, the farrier may charge twice as much for the designer horseshoe as an equestrian because of the extra workforce and special equipment required. Historically, the concept of horses shoe shoes with shoes that are significantly wider and heavier than horses for other types of horses, made specially, often with packages.
Metabolism draft horses are slightly slower than horseback riding, more like horse horses, requiring less feed per pound of body weight. This may be due to their quieter nature. However, because of their sheer size, most require a large amount of fodder per day. Generally, supplements to balance nutrients are preferred over large quantities of grains. They consume hay or other foods from 1.5% to 3% of their body weight per day, depending on the level of work. They can also drink up to 25 US gallons (95 liters, 21 days) of water a day. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, and the risk of laminitis may be of concern.
World record
The Shire Horse holds the record of being the largest horse in the world; Sampson, foaled in 1846 in Bedfordshire, England, stood 21,2 / 2 Ã, hands ( 86.5 inches), 220 cm) in its withers, and weighs about 3.360 Â £ (1,524 kg).
Breeds
A number of horse breeds are used as horse designs, with the popularity of certain breeds that are often closely related to geographical location. In North America, there are five horse breed concepts in the classic list: Belgium, Clydesdale, Percheron, Shire, and Suffolk.
Draft Cross Breeders and Owners Association recognize the following breeds as a draft horse:
Additional breeds may be classified as horse drafts by other organizations.
Harness horses
The terms horses and horse light harness refers to horses with lighter shapes, such as traditional horse-drawn carriages and stallions, and not a term commonly used to denote "heavy" or horse design. Horse horse rides include warm breeds like Oldenburg and Cleveland Bay, as well as lighter breeds like Hackney, and in some disciplines, such as driving combined, horseback riding breeds like Thoroughbred or Morgan can be seen.
See also
- List of horse breeds
- Working animals
References
External links
- Cross Breederation Concept and Owner's Association
- Heavyhorses.org.uk
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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