John Henry " Doc " Holliday (August 14, 1851 - November 8, 1887) were American gamblers, shooters and dentists, and a good friend Wyatt Earp. He is best known for his role as a temporary marshal deputy in events leading up to and following Gunfight in O.K. Cattle pen.
At the age of 21 Holliday obtained a degree in dentistry from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. He set up practice in Atlanta, Georgia, but he was soon diagnosed with tuberculosis, the same disease his mother had claimed when he was 15 years old, having gotten it while taking care of his needs while he was still in the infectious disease phase. Hoping the climate in Southwest America would ease the symptoms, he moved into the area and became a gambler, a prominent profession in Arizona that day. Over the next few years, he is reported to have had several confrontations. While in Texas, he saved the life of Wyatt Earp and they became friends. In 1879, he joined Earp in Las Vegas, New Mexico, and later accompanied him to Prescott, Arizona, and then Tombstone. At Tombstone, a local member of the Cowboys Cochise County criminal group repeatedly threatened him and spread rumors that he had robbed a stage. On October 26, 1881, Holliday was represented by Tombstone City marshal Virgil Earp. The lawmen sought to disarm five Cowboys members, resulting in Gunfight at O.K. Cattle pen.
After Tombstone shootout, Virgil Earp was deformed by a hidden assailant and Morgan Earp was killed. Unable to get justice in court, Wyatt Earp takes his own action. As the newly appointed US marshal deputy, Earp officially represents Holliday, among others. As a federal fence, they pursue Cowboy criminals who they believe are responsible. They find Frank Stilwell lying waiting when Virgil takes the train to California and kills him. The local Sheriff issued a warrant for the arrest of five members of the federal army, including Holliday. The federal forces killed three other Cowboys during late March and early April, 1882, before they boarded the New Mexico Territory. Wyatt Earp was aware of extradition requests for Holliday and arranged for Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin to reject Holliday's extradition. Holliday spent the next few years of his life in Colorado, and died of tuberculosis in his bed at the Glenwood Springs Hotel at the age of 36.
Holliday's life and colorful characters have been portrayed in many books and portrayed by famous actors in films and television series. Since his death, researchers have concluded that, contrary to popular myth making, Holliday only kills one or two people.
Video Doc Holliday
Early life and education
Holliday was born in Griffin, Georgia, to Henry Burroughs Holliday and Alice Jane (McKey) Holliday. He is of British and Scottish descent. His father served in the Mexican-American War and the Civil War (as a Confederate). When the war ended, Henry took home a foster child named Francisco and taught Holliday to shoot. Holliday was baptized in Griffin's First Presbyterian Church in 1852. In 1864, his family moved to Valdosta, Georgia, where his mother died of tuberculosis on September 16, 1866. The same disease kills his foster brother. Three months after the death of his wife, his father married Rachel Martin.
Some of Doc Holliday's famous relatives include Ben Holladay, "King of Stagecoach", and John Holladay, the Mormon pioneer and founder of Holladay, Utah and the city of San Bernardino, California. Other relatives of note are Alexander Q. Holladay, politician, lawyer and Colonel of the Civil War in the Confederate Army.
Holliday attended the Valdosta Institute, where he received classical education in rhetoric, grammar, mathematics, history, and language - especially in Latin, but some French and Ancient Greek.
In 1870, 19-year-old Holliday left home for Philadelphia. On March 1, 1872, at the age of 20, he received a Doctor Dental Surgery from the College of Dental Surgery of Pennsylvania (now part of the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine). Holliday graduated five months before his 21st birthday, so the school holds his title until he is 21 years old, the minimum age required for dentistry practice.
Maps Doc Holliday
Start dental practice
Holliday moved to St. Louis, Missouri, so he can work as an assistant classmate, A. Jameson Fuches, Jr. Less than four months later, at the end of July, he moved to Atlanta, where he joined the practice of dentists. He lives with his uncle and his family so he can start building his dentist's practice. A few weeks before Holliday's birthday, dentist Arthur C. Ford was advertised in the Atlanta newspaper that Holliday would succeed him when he attended a dental meeting.
Opponents in Georgia
Holliday was reported to have been involved in the shooting on the River Withlacoochee, Georgia, in 1873. At the age of 22, Holliday went with some friends to their favorite swimming hole, but found it was occupied by a group of black youths. Holliday and his friends told them to leave, but they refused. This event account varies. Holliday goes and returns with a shotgun or gun and starts shooting, both over the heads of the youths. Some of them may have shot back. No reports have occurred behind the incident. Some family members and friends alleged that Holliday killed one to three youths, but another member of the Holliday family denied the report.
Diagnosed with tuberculosis
Shortly after starting his tooth practice, Holliday was diagnosed with tuberculosis. She was given only a few months to live, but was told that a drier, warmer climate might slow her health down. After Dr. Ford returned in September, Holliday left for Dallas, Texas, "the last major city before an uncivilized Western Frontier."
Move to Dallas
When he arrived in Dallas, Holliday partnered with a friend of his father, Dr. John A. Seegar. They won awards for their dental work at the Texas Agricultural Machinery, Mechanical and Veterinary Supplies Annual Exhibition of Texas at the Dallas County Exhibition. They received all three awards: "Best gear set in gold", "Best in vulcanized rubber", and "best dental and artificial teeth." Their office is located along Elm Street, between Market and Austin Streets. They dissolved the practice on March 2, 1874, and Holliday opened his own practice over the Dallas County Bank at the corner of Main and Lamar Streets.
His tuberculosis causes coughing at the wrong time, and his tooth practice slowly declines. Meanwhile, Holliday finds he has skills in gambling, and he immediately relies on it as his main source of income. On May 12, 1874, Holliday and 12 others were charged in Dallas for illegal gambling. He was arrested in Dallas in January 1875 after trading a shot with a saloon guard, Charles Austin, but no one was hurt and he was found not guilty. He moved his office to Denison, Texas. But after being found guilty - and fined for - playing in Dallas, he decides to leave the country.
Go further west
Holliday headed to Denver, following the stage route and gambling in the towns and army posts along the way. During the summer of 1875, he settled in Denver under the name of the alias "Tom Mackey" and found work as a faro merchant for John A. Babb's Theater Comique at 357 Blake Street. While there, he fights with Bud Ryan, a famous and tough gambler. Drawing a knife, they fight, and Holliday leaves Ryan badly injured.
Holliday left after hearing about the gold found in Wyoming, and on February 5, 1876, he moved to Cheyenne. He found a job as a dealer for Babb's partner, Thomas Miller, who had a saloon called Bella Union Saloon. In the fall of 1876, Miller moved Bella Union to Deadwood (where there was a gold rush in the Dakota Region), and Holliday went with him.
In 1877, Holliday returned to Cheyenne, and then Denver, and finally to Kansas where he visited an aunt. When he left Kansas, he went to Breckenridge, Texas, where he gambled. On July 4, 1877, he was at odds with the gambler Henry Kahn, and Holliday hit him repeatedly with his cane. Both men were arrested and fined, but Kahn has not finished yet. Later that same day, he shot and injured an unarmed Holliday. On July 7th, Dallas Weekly Herald reported that Holliday had been killed. His cousin, George Henry Holliday, moved west to take care of him during his recovery.
After recovering, Holliday moved to Fort Griffin, Texas. While dealing with cards in John Shanssey's salon, he meets Mary Katharine "Big Nose Kate" Horony, a dance woman and sometimes a whore. Its nose is a prominent feature. "Tough, stubborn and fearless," he was educated, but chose to work as a prostitute because he liked his independence. She is the only woman with whom Holliday is known to have a relationship.
Make friends with Wyatt Earp
In October 1877, villain Dave Rudabaugh robbed a Sante Fe Railroad construction camp and fled south. Wyatt Earp was given a temporary commission as US Vice Marshal, and he left Dodge City following Rudabaugh over 400 miles (640 km) to Fort Griffin, a border town on Clear Fork of the Brazos River. Earp went to Bee Hive Saloon, the largest in town and owned by John Shanssey, whom Earp knew since he was 21 years old. Shanssey told Earp that Rudabaugh had passed the city earlier in the week, but he did not know where he was headed. Shanssey suggests Earp asks for gambler Doc Holliday, who has played cards with Rudabaugh. Holliday tells Earp that Rudabaugh is returning to Kansas.
After about a month at Fort Griffin, Earp returned to Fort Clark and in early 1878, he went to Dodge Town, where he became an assistant city marshal, serving under Charlie Bassett. During the summer of 1878, Holliday and Harony also arrived at Dodge City, where they stayed at the Deacon Cox boarding house as Dr. and Mrs. John H. Holliday. Holliday tried to practice dentistry again, and put an ad in a local newspaper:
DENTISTRI
John H. Holliday, Dentist, very respectfully offers his professional services to the citizens of Dodge City and the surrounding area during the Summer. Office in Room No. 24 Dodge House. Where satisfaction is not given, money will be refunded.
According to the account of the following event reported by Glenn Boyer at I Married Wyatt Earp, Earp has run two cowboys, Tobe Driscall and Ed Morrison, out of Wichita earlier in 1878. During the summer, two cowboys - accompanied by two dozen others - rode Dodge and dashed into town while running to Front Street. They enter the Long Branch Saloon, ruin the room, and harass the customer. Hearing the commotion, Earp pushed through the front door, and before he could react, a large number of cowboys pointed his gun at him. In other versions, there are only three to five cowboys. In both stories, Holliday plays a card in the back of the room and after seeing the commotion, pulls down his gun and puts his gun on Morrison's head, forcing him and his men to disarm, saving Earp from a bad situation. There were no reports of such confrontations reported by any of the Dodge City newspapers at the time. Whatever really happened, Earp praised Holliday by saving his life that day, and the two men became friends.
Other known confrontations
Holliday is still practicing dentistry from his room at Fort Griffin, Texas, and in Dodge City, Kansas. In a Dodge 1878 newspaper ad, he promised money back for incomplete customer satisfaction, but this was the last time he knew he was working as a dentist. He earned the nickname "Doc" during this period.
Holliday was reportedly involved in a shoot-out with a bartender named Charles White. Miguel Otero, who later became governor of the New Mexico Territory, said he was present when Holliday walked to the saloon with a revolver in his hand and challenged White to complete an incredible argument. White served customers at the time and took refuge behind the bar, then started shooting Holliday with his revolver. During the fight, Holliday shot White on the scalp. But there were no contemporary newspaper reports of the incident.
Bat Masterson reportedly said that Holliday was in Jacksonboro, South Carolina, and was involved in a firefight with an unnamed soldier that Holliday shot and killed. Historian Gary L. Roberts finds a record for Robert Smith Personal who had been shot and killed by "unknown assailants", but Holliday was never associated with death.
Move to New Mexico
Holliday developed a reputation for his skills with pistols, as well as with cards. In September 1879, Wyatt Earp resigned as a marshal assistant at Dodge City and decided to join his brother Virgil in the Arizona Territory.
A few days before Christmas in 1878, Holliday and Horony arrived in Las Vegas, New Mexico. 22 hot springs near the city are favored by individuals with tuberculosis for their suspected healing properties. Doc opened dentist's practice and continued gambling as well, but winter is very cold and business is slow. The New Mexico Territorial Legislature passed a law banning gambling in the area with ease. On March 8, 1879, Holliday was indicted for "keeping the gambling table" and fined $ 25. The gambling ban combined with the very low temperatures prompted him to return to Dodge Town for several months.
In September 1879, Wyatt Earp resigned as an assistant marshal in Dodge City. Accompanied by his mother-in-law Mattie Blaylock, his brother Jim, and his wife Bessie, they left for the Arizona Region. Holliday and Horony return to Las Vegas where they meet the Earps. The group arrived in Prescott in November.
Royal Gorge War
In Dodge Town, Holliday joins the team formed by the U.S Deputy. marshal Bat Masterson. He has been asked to prevent the outbreak of guerrilla warfare between Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (or ATSF, or just Santa Fe) and Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (or D & amp; RGW), vying to be the first to claim right-of-way at the Royal Gorge, one of several natural routes through the Rockies that traverse the Continental Divide. Both are struggling to become the first to provide rail access to the boom town of Leadville, Colorado. The Royal Gorge is an obstacle along Arkansas, too narrow for railways, and with no other sensible access to the South Park area. Doc stayed there for about two and a half months. The federal intervention prompted the so-called "Boston Agreement" to end the fighting. D & amp; RGW completed the line and rented it for use by Santa Fe. Holliday took home part of the $ 10,000 bribes paid by D & amp; RGW to Masterson to surrender their ownership in the Santa Fe ward, and return to Las Vegas where Horony stays.
Building a saloon in Las Vegas
The Santa Fe Company builds tracks to Las Vegas, New Mexico, but passes the city for about a mile. A new city was built near rails and prostitution and gambling flourished there. On July 19, 1879, Holliday and John Joshua Webb, a former lawyer and armed man, sat in a saloon. Former US Army guide Mike Gordon tries to persuade one of the saloon girls, a former girlfriend, to leave town with him. He refuses and Gordon storms out. He starts firing into the building, and a few hours later, Gordon is found badly injured outside. Some attribute shootings to Holliday, but no conclusive proof of who killed Gordon was ever found. The next day, Holliday pays $ 372.50 to a carpenter to build a walled building for Doc Holliday's Saloon house with John Webb as his partner. While in town, he was fined twice for storing gambling devices, and again for carrying lethal weapons.
Move to Arizona Region
It seems that Holliday and Horony lived in Las Vegas when Wyatt Earp arrived on October 18, 1879, with news of the explosion taking place in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. Holliday and Horony join Wyatt and his wife, Mattie, and Jim Earp and his wife and stepson, as they travel the next day to Prescott, Arizona Territory. They arrive in a few weeks and head straight for the home of Constable Virgil Earp and his wife, Allie. Holliday and Horony got into a hotel and when Wyatt, Virgil, and James Earp with their wives went to Tombstone, Holliday stayed in Prescott, where he thought the gambling opportunities were better. Holliday eventually joined the Earps at Tombstone in September 1880. Some accounts reported that the Earps were sent to Holliday for help with dealing with Cowboys villains. Holliday quickly became involved in local politics and violence leading to a gunfight in O.K. Corral in October 1881.
Accused in a stagecoach robbery
Holliday and Horony fight a lot. After a very bad argument, drunk, Holliday kicked him out. Sheriff County's Johnny Behan and Milt Joyce looked at opportunities and took advantage of the situation. They showered Horony with more liquor and advised him how to reply even with Holliday. He signed a statement involving Holliday in a robbery and murder of passengers on the Kinnear and Company stage coach on March 15, 1881, bringing US $ 26,000 in gold bullion (about $ 659,324 in today's dollars). Three cowboys have stopped the stage between Tombstone and Benson, Arizona and robbed him.
Bob Paul, who had run for the Pima County sheriff and participated in the election he lost due to the vote, drove together as a Wells Fargo rifle pilot. He has taken over the reins and the driver's seat in Contention City because the usual driver, a famous and famous man named Eli "Budd" Philpot, is ill. Philpot was riding a gun. Paul fired his gun and emptied his gun into the robber, wounding a cowboy, who was later identified as Bill Leonard, in the groin. Philpot and passenger Peter Roerig, who was riding in a rear dickey chair, was shot and killed. Holliday is a good friend of Leonard, a former watchmaker from New York. Based on a sworn statement by Horony, Judge Wells Spicer issued an arrest warrant for Holliday.
The flying rumor that Holliday has taken part in the shootings and murders. The owner of grave grave, Milt Joyce, disarmed Holliday one day when he was in a fight with fellow gambler Johnny Tyler. Later that day, Holliday heard that Joyce was spreading rumors that Holliday had taken part in the robbery. Drunk, Holliday returns to Joyce's salon. He insulted Joyce and asked for her weapon back. Joyce refuses and expels her, but Holliday returns with a "gun" and starts firing. Joyce pulls out a gun and Holliday shoots the gun from Joyce's hand, puts a bullet in her palm. When Joyce's bartender, Parker, tried to grab his weapon, Holliday injured his leg. Joyce took the gun and the gun, the whipped Holliday, dropped it.
Earps found a witness who could prove Holliday's location elsewhere at the time of the doll's murder, and Horony realized, revealing that Behan and Joyce had influenced him to sign a document he did not understand. With a cowboy plot unfold, Spicer frees Holliday. The district attorney dropped the charge, and marked it as "ridiculous". Holliday gave Horony some money and put him on stage outside the city.
Shootout in O.K. Corral
On October 26, 1881, Virgil Earp was deputy city police chief as well as the U.S. Tombstone police chief. He received reports that the cowboys with whom they had repeatedly armed confrontations violated municipal regulations that required them to keep their weapons in a bar or stable as soon as they arrived in the city. The cowboys have repeatedly threatened the Earps and Holliday. Worried about the problem, Virgil temporarily released Holliday and sought backup from his brothers, Wyatt and Morgan. Virgil took a short pistol from Wells Fargo's office and the four men went in search of a cowboy.
At Fremont Street, they meet Sheriff County Sheriff Behan, who informs them or implies that he has disarmed the cowboys. To avoid worrying citizens and reduce the tension when disarming the cowboys, Virgil gives Holliday a gun so he can hide it under his long coat. Virgil Earp takes the walking stick of Holliday. Law enforcement found the cowboys in a narrow spot between 15 to 20 feet on Fremont Street, between the Fly boarding house and Harwood's house. Holliday goes up to Fly's house and he probably thinks they're waiting there to kill him.
Different witnesses offer various stories about Holliday's actions. Cowboys witnesses testify that Holliday first took out a nickel-plated gun he knew to carry, while others reported that he first fired a longer bronze gun, possibly a coach's gun. Holliday killed Tom McLaury with a blast of a rifle on the side of his chest. Holliday was attacked by a bullet that Frank McLaury might have shot at Fremont Street at the time. He should challenge Holliday, shouting, "I have you now!" Holliday is reported to have replied, "Blaze away! You are a daisies if you have one." McLaury died of a gunshot to his stomach and behind his ear. Holliday might also hurt Billy Clanton.
One analysis of the fight gave either Holliday or Morgan Earp credit for firing a fatal shot at McLaury on Fremont Street. Holliday may be on the right of McLaury and Morgan Earp to his left. McLaury was shot on the right side of the head, so Holliday was often rewarded for shooting him. However, Wyatt Earp had shot McLaury on his body before, the shot itself could kill him. McLaury will turn after being beaten and Wyatt can put a second shot on his head. The 30-day-long preliminary hearing found that Earps and Holliday had acted in their duties as lawmen, though this did not appease Ike Clanton.
Earp Vendetta Ride
The situation at Tombstone soon deteriorated when Virgil Earp was ambushed and permanently wounded in December 1881. After that, Morgan Earp was ambushed and killed in March 1882. Some Cowboys were identified by witnesses as suspects in the Virgil Earp shooting on December 27, 1881, and the murder of Morgan Earp on March 19, 1882. Additional indirect evidence also indicates their involvement. Wyatt Earp has been appointed deputy marshal US after Virgil defects. He represents Holliday, Warren Earp, Sherman McMaster, and "Turkey Creek" Jack Johnson.
After Morgan's murder, Wyatt Earp and his deputies guarded Virgil Earp and Allie on the way to the train to Colton, California where his father lived, to recuperate from a serious gunshot wound. In Tucson, on March 20, 1882, the group saw the armed Frank Stilwell and Ike Clanton reported hiding among the train cars, apparently waiting to kill Virgil. Frank Stilwell's body was found at dawn along the railroad tracks, full of gunshot wounds and gunfire. Wyatt said later that he killed Stilwell with a shotgun.
Tucson Peace Justice Charles Meyer issued an arrest warrant for five of Earp's parties, including Holliday. On March 21, they returned briefly to Tombstone, where they joined Texas Jack Vermillion and possibly others. On the morning of March 22, parts of the Earp posse including Wyatt, Warren, Holliday, Sherman McMaster, and "Turkey Creek" Johnson climbed about 10 miles (16 km) east to Pete Spence farms to offshore logging camps. Chiricahua Road, under the Southern Pass of the Dragoon Mountains. According to Theodore Yehuda - who witnessed events at the wood camp - Earp posse arrived around 11:00 and asked Spence and Florentino "Indian Charlie" Cruz. They know Spence is in jail and Cruz cuts wood nearby. They followed the instructions Judah showed and he immediately heard a dozen shots. When Cruz did not return the next morning, Judah went looking for him, and found his body covered with bullet holes.
Shot in Iron Springs
Two days later, the Earp army went to Iron Springs in the Whetstone Mountains, where they hoped to meet Charlie Smith, who was supposed to bring $ 1,000 cash from their supporters at Tombstone. With Wyatt and Holliday leading, the six lawmen overcame a small hike overlooking the spring. They surprised eight cowboys camped near the spring. Curly Bill recognized the lead Wyatt Earp and immediately unplugged his gun and shot Earp. Another cowboy also pulled his gun and started shooting. Wyatt Earp and Holliday left the only record of the fight. Earp down, gun in hand. "Texas Jack" Vermillion's horse shot and fell on him, pinning his legs and pointing his shotgun underneath. Lack of protection, Holliday, Johnson, and McMaster backed down.
Earp returned Curly Bill's shot with his own rifle and shot him in the chest, almost cutting it in half by Earp's account later. Curly Bill fell into the water at the edge of the springs and lay dead.
Cowboys fired a number of shots at Earp's party, but the only victims were Vermillion horses, who were killed. Wyatt's long coat was punctured by bullets on both sides. Another bullet hit the heels of his boots and his saddle horns were also beaten, burning the saddle and almost losing Wyatt. While firing his gun, Wyatt shot Johnny Barnes in the chest and Milt Hicks on his arm. Vermillion tries to retrieve his pinched rifle in his holster under his fallen horse, exposing himself to Cowboy fire. Doc Holliday helped him get protection. Wyatt had trouble hooking his horse because his card belt fell around his legs. He can finally get on his horse and back away. McMaster was scratched by a bullet that cut off his field glasses.
Company of Earp and Holliday
Holliday and four other posse members are still confronted with a warrant for the death of Stilwell. The group chose to leave the Arizona Region for the New Mexico Region and then to Colorado. Wyatt and Holliday, who were formerly friends who quickly had serious disagreements and split up in Albuquerque. According to a letter written by former New Mexico Region Governor Miguel Otero, Wyatt and Holliday were eating at Fat Charlie The Retreat Restaurant in Albuquerque "when Holliday said something about Earp being 'a fucking Jew-boy.' Earp became angry and left.... Earp lives with a prominent businessman, Henry N. Jaffa, who is also president of the New Albuquerque Trade Council, Jaffa is Jewish, and based on the letter Earp has, while living in Jaffa's home, he respects Jaffa told him, "Earp Woman is a Jew." Earp's fear of Holliday's racial insults can show that the relationship between Josephine Marcus and Wyatt Earp is more serious at the time than is commonly known, Holliday and Dan Tipton arrived in Pueblo, Colorado at the end of April 1882.
Arrive in Colorado
On May 15, 1882, Holliday was arrested in Denver on an Tucson warrant for killing Frank Stilwell. When Wyatt Earp found out about the allegations, he was afraid his friend Holliday would not accept a fair trial in Arizona. Earp asked his friend Bat Masterson, who was then Trinidad's police chief, Colorado, to help get Holliday released. Masterson arranges bunco allegations against Holliday.
Examination of Holliday's extradition was set for May 30. At the end of the night of May 29, Masterson sought help to make an appointment with Colorado Governor Frederick Walker Pitkin. He contacted E.D. Cowen, a capital reporter for the Denver Tribune, who holds political influence in the city. Cowen later wrote, "He handed me evidence of criminal design on Holliday's life, and in the last hour I called Pitkin." The legal reason is that the extradition papers for Holliday contained the wrong legal language, and that there was already a Colorado warrant for Holliday - including bunco allegations made by Masterson. Pitkin was persuaded by evidence submitted by Masterson and refused to honor Arizona's extradition request.
Masterson took Holliday to Pueblo, where he was released with a bond two weeks after his arrest. Holliday and Wyatt met again in June 1882 in Gunnison after Wyatt helped his friend not be convicted of murder related to Frank Stillwell. Holliday was able to see his old friend, Wyatt, the last time in the late winter of 1886, where they met in the lobby of the Windsor Hotel. Sadie Marcus describes Skeletal Holliday as having a continuous cough and standing over "unstable legs."
Johnny Ringo's Death
On July 14, 1882, the old enemy of Holliday, Johnny Ringo was found dead at a low fork of a large tree in the West Turkey Creek Valley near Chiricahua Peak, Arizona Territory. He has a bullet hole in his right temple and a gun is found hanging from his fingers. Coroner investigations officially decided his death as a suicide; but according to the book I Married Wyatt Earp, whose author and collector Glen Boyer claims to have been assembled from a manuscript written by Earp's third wife Josephine Marcus Earp, Earp and Holliday went to Arizona with friends in early July, found Ringo in the valley, and killed him. Boyer refused to produce his source script, and reporters wrote that his explanation was contradictory and not credible. New York Times contributor Allen Barra writes that the book "is now recognized by Earp researchers as a hoax". The story's variant, popularized in the movie Tombstone, states that Holliday came on for Earp in response to a gunfight from Ringo, and shot him.
The evidence is unclear about the existence of Holliday on the day of Ringo's death. Records of the Pueblo County District Court, Colorado indicate that Holliday and his lawyer appeared in court in Pueblo on July 11, and again on July 14 to answer the allegations of "theft"; but a capias script was issued to him on the 11th, indicating that he may not be in court that day. The Pueblo Daily Chieftain reported that Holliday was seen in Salida, Colorado on July 7, over 550 miles (890 km) from where Ringo's body was found, and then in Leadville on July 18. Holliday biographer Karen Holliday Tanner notes that there is still an extraordinary murder warrant in Arizona for Holliday's arrest, making it unlikely that he would choose to re-enter Arizona at that time.
Death and burial
Holliday spends his remaining days in Colorado. After living in Leadville, he suffered from a high altitude. He is increasingly dependent on alcohol and laudanum to relieve the symptoms of tuberculosis, and his health and his skills as a gambler start to deteriorate.
The last confrontation known to Holliday took place at Hyman's saloon in Leadville. Down to his last dollar, he had mortgaged his jewelry, and then borrowed $ 5 from Billy Allen, a bartender and special officer at the Monarch Saloon, allowing Allen to carry a gun and make his arrest in the saloon. When Allen demands that he be paid, Holliday can not obey him. He knows Allen is armed, and when Allen appears ready to attack him, he shoots him, injuring him in the arm. Holliday was arrested and tried. He claims to defend himself, noting that Allen beats him with 50 pounds and he fears for his life. A witness testified that Allen had been armed and in Hyman the previous day seemed to be looking for Holliday. On March 28, 1885, the jury freed Holliday.
Recent days
In 1887, before gray and very sick time, Holliday went to Glenwood Hotel, near the hot springs of Glenwood Springs, Colorado. He hopes to take advantage of the famous curative power of water, but sulfur fumes from the spring may have made his lungs more dangerous than good. As he lay dying, Holliday was reported to have asked the nurse who attended him for a shot of whiskey. When he says no, he sees his shoesless feet, amused. The nurses said that her last words were, "This is funny." He always thought he would be killed one day with his boots. Holliday died at 10 am on November 8, 1887. He was 36. Wyatt Earp did not know Holliday's death until two months later. Horony later said that he attended him in his last days, and a contemporary source appeared to support his claim.
Services
The Glenwood Springs Ute Chief on November 12, 1887, wrote in his obituary that Holliday had been baptized in the Catholic Church. This is based on a correspondence written between Holliday and his cousin, Sister Mary Melanie, a Catholic nun. There is no record of baptism found in St. Catholic Church. Stephen in Glenwood Springs or in the Annunciation Catholic Church near Leadville. Holliday's mother had been raised a Methodist and later joined the Presbyterian church (her husband's faith), but objected to the Presbyterian doctrine of predestination and diverted to Methodism publicly before she died, saying that she wanted her son John to know what she believed. Holliday himself later said that he had joined the Methodist church in Dallas. At the end of his life, Holliday had made a friendship with a Catholic priest, Father E.T. Downey, and a Presbyterian minister, Pdt. W.S. Randolph, in Glenwood Springs. When he died, Father Downey was out of town, and therefore Pdt. Randolph led the funeral at 4 pm on the same day Holliday died. The service was reportedly attended by "many friends".
Funeral
Holliday is buried at Linwood Cemetery overlooking Glenwood Springs. Since Holliday died in November, the soil may have been frozen. Some modern writers like Bob Boze Bell speculate that it is impossible to take him to a cemetery, accessible only by difficult mountain roads, or dig graves because the land is frozen. Author Gary Roberts found evidence that other corpses were transported to the Linwood Cemetery at the same time that month that year. Contemporary newspaper reports explicitly state that Holliday is buried at the Linwood Cemetery, but the exact location of his tomb is uncertain.
Public reputation
Publicly, Holliday can be just as fierce as a man needs to gamble for respect, and his reputation as a skilled shooter is generally approved by historians. According to Tombstone residents, George W. Parsons, Holliday told Johnny Ringo in January 1882, "All I want from you is ten steps down the road." Ringo and he was prevented from a shootout by Tombstone police, who captured both. During Gunfight at O.K. Corral, Holliday originally brought a shotgun and shot and may have killed Tom McLaury. Holliday was attacked by a bullet fired by Frank McLaury, and shot back. Holliday is also part of a group of people led by Wyatt Earp who keeps Virgil Earp, who has been disabled in an ambush in January. Once in Tucson, they found Frank Stilwell on the tracks, and Holliday was probably one of the few people who shot him. Holliday joined Wyatt and others as part of a federal force that killed three other Cowboy villains during the Earp Vendetta Ride. Holliday reports that he has been arrested 17 times, four attempts have been made to hang him, and that he survived the ambush five times.
Character
Throughout his life, Holliday was known by many of his colleagues as a temperamental, quiet, and southern man. In an article in 1896, Wyatt Earp said:
I found him a faithful friend and good friend. He is a dentist whose needs have made gamblers; a man whose illness has made homeless; a living philosopher has made spicy intelligence; a long and thin blond man almost died with consumption and at the same time the most skillful and fastest, fastest, and deadliest gambler with six pistols I've ever known.
In a newspaper interview, Holliday was once asked if his conscience ever bothered him. He has reportedly said, "I coughed with my lungs, many years ago."
Stab and shoot
Most of Holliday's violent reputation is just rumors and self-promotion. However, he showed great skills in gambling and firefight. Tuberculosis does not hinder his ability as a gambler and as a sniper. Holliday ambidextrous.
There are no contemporary newspaper accounts or legal records that offer evidence from many unnamed men that Holliday is credited with murder in popular folklore. The only person known to have been killed was Mike Gordon in 1879; maybe Tom McLaury in Tombstone; and probably Frank Stilwell in Tucson. Some scholars argue that Holliday may have pushed the story of his reputation, although his record never supports that claim.
In a March 1882 interview with Arizona Daily Star Virgil Earp told reporters:
There's something very weird about Doc. He's polite, a good dentist, a friendly man, and outside of us men, I do not think he has friends in the Territory. Tales was told he had killed men in different parts of the country; that he has robbed and done all sorts of evil, but when people are asked how they know it, they can only admit that it is a rumor, and that there is no such thing that can be traced to Doc's records.
Arrests and confidence
Biographer Karen Holliday Tanner discovered that Holliday had been arrested 17 times before the 1881 shooting at Tombstone. Just one arrest for the murder, which took place in a 1879 shootout with Mike Gordon in New Mexico, which he freed. In the preliminary hearing after Gunfight at O.K. Corral, Judge Wells Spicer frees Holliday's act as the act of a designated judge. In Denver Arizona's warrant against Holliday for Frank Stilwell's murder did not take place when the governor was persuaded by Police Chief Trinidad Bat Masterson to release Holliday to his detention on bunco charges.
Among other arrests, Holliday pleaded guilty to two gambling allegations, one allegedly carrying a deadly weapon in the city (in connection with an argument with Ringo), and a crime and battery charging attack (for his shooting of Joyce and Parker). All others are dismissed or returned as "innocent."
The alleged murder of Ed Bailey
Wyatt Earp recounts one event when Holliday killed a fellow gambler named Ed Bailey. Earp and his common-law wife Mattie Blaylock were in Fort Griffin, Texas, during the winter of 1878, looking for gambling opportunities. Earp visits his old friend's salon from Cheyenne, John Shannsey, and meets Holliday at Cow Exchange. The story of Holliday killing Bailey first appeared nine years after Holliday's death in an 1896 interview with Wyatt Earp published in the San Francisco Enquirer. According to Earp, Holliday plays poker with a famous local man named Ed Bailey. Holliday catches Bailey "a monkey with dead wood" or a pile of exiles, which breaks the rules. According to Earp, Holliday reminded Bailey to "play poker", which is a polite way to warn him to stop cheating. When Bailey made the same move again, Holliday took the pot without showing his hand, which was his right under the rule. Bailey immediately took his pistol, but Holliday pulled a knife out of his breast pocket and "captured Bailey just under the sand" or the upper chest. Bailey died and Holliday, new to town, was detained in his room at Planter's Hotel.
In Stuart Lake's best-selling biography, Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal (1931), Earp adds to the story. He was quoted as saying that Holliday's girlfriend, "Big Nose Kate" Horony, designed the diversion. He bought a second gun from a friend in town, took out a horse from his cellar behind the hotel, and then burned down the barn. Everyone except Holliday and the lawmen who escorted him ran to extinguish the fire, while he calmly walked in and threw Holliday's second gun. However, no contemporary records are found about Bailey's death or warehouse fires. In addition, Horony denied that Holliday killed "a man named Bailey on a poker game, or he was arrested and locked up in another hotel room." She laughs at the idea of ​​"a 116-pound lady, standing in a deputy, ordering her to raise her hand, disarm her, rescue her lover, and push her into a waiting horse."
Author and expert Earp Ben Traywick doubts that Holliday killed Bailey. He can not find newspaper articles or court records to support his story. He found evidence to support that Holliday was held in his hotel room under guard, but for "illegal gambling", and that Horony's story that started the fire as a diversion to free him was true. The story of Bailey as told in the San Francisco Enquirer Earp interview is probably made by the author. Many years later, Earp wrote:
Of all the nonsensical nonsense that has been written around my life, nothing is more inaccurate or unreasonable than Doc Holliday has handled. After Holliday died, I gave the San Francisco newspaper reporter a short sketch of his life. Apparently the reporter was not satisfied. The sketch appeared in the print media with a lot of added stuff that never existed beyond the imagination of the reporter...
Photos of Holliday
Three unknown photos of origin are reportedly from Holliday, some of them allegedly taken by C.S. Fly in Tombstone, but is sometimes reported to have been taken in Dallas. Holliday lives in a boardinghouse in front of Fly photography studio. Many people share similar facial features, and the faces of people who look very different can look similar when viewed from a certain angle. Because of this, most museum staff, knowledgeable researchers, and collectors need documented evidence or history for an image to support a possible physical similarity. Experts rarely offer even temporary identification of new or unique images of famous people based solely on similarities shared with other known images.
Legacy
Doc Holliday is one of the most recognizable figures in Old West America, but he is best remembered for his friendship with Wyatt Earp and his role in Gunfight in England. Cattle pen. Holliday's friendship with lawman has been a staple for popular sidekicks in American Western culture, and Holliday himself became the stereotypical image of a deputy and loyal companion in modern times. He is usually portrayed in the film as being faithful to his friend, Wyatt, whom he sticks to during the duo's biggest conflict, such as Gunfight in the battle of OK Corral and Earp, even with the violence and subsequent difficulties they both experience. Together with Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday has become a symbol of loyalty, brotherhood, and modern friendship.
Holliday's birth house is marked with historical markers located in Fayetteville, Georgia.
The human-sized statue of Holliday and Earp by the sculptor Dan Bates was devoted to the Southern Arizona Transportation Museum at the restored Historic Railroad Depot in Tucson, Arizona, on March 20, 2005, the 122nd anniversary of Frank Stilwell's murder by Wyatt Earp. The statue stands at the approximate location of shooting on the train platform.
"Doc Holliday Days" is held annually at Holliday's birthplace in Griffin, Georgia. Valdosta, Georgia held a Doc Holliday-like contest in January 2010, to coincide with sesquicentennial celebrations.
In popular culture
Holliday is nationally known throughout his life as a gambler and shooter. Shootout at O.K. Corral is one of the most famous frontier stories in Western America, and many TV shows and Western movies have been made about it. Holliday is usually a prominent part of the story.
Documentary
- In Doc Holliday Search (2016)
In movies and television
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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