Daniel Boone

src: 2.bp.blogspot.com

Daniel Boone (November 2, 1734 [OS 22 October] - 26 September 1820) was a pioneer, explorer, carpenter, and American frontierman, whose border exploitation made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. Boone is most famous for his exploration and completion of what is now Kentucky. It is still considered part of Virginia but is on the west side of the Appalachian Mountains of most European-American settlements. As young adults, Boone supplements farming income by hunting and trapping games, and selling their skins in the fur market. Through this work interest, Boone first learned an easy route to the area. Despite opposition from American Indians like Shawnee, in 1775, Boone burned his Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee to Kentucky. There he founded the village of Boonesborough, Kentucky, one of the first American settlements west of Appalachian. Before the end of the 18th century, more than 200,000 Americans migrated to Kentucky/Virginia following a route marked by Boone.

Boone served as a militia officer during the Revolutionary War (1775-83), which, in Kentucky, mainly took place between the American settlers and the Indian allies of England, who hoped to drive out the Americans. Boone was captured by Shawnee's soldiers in 1778. He fled and told Boonesborough that Shawnee was planning an attack. Despite being very outnumbered, the Americans fended off Shawnee's soldiers at the Boonesborough Siege. Boone was elected for the first of his three tenure at the Virginia General Assembly during the Revolutionary War, and he fought in the Battle of the Blue Licks in 1782. Blue Licks, Shawnee's victory over the Patriots, was one of the last battles of the Revolutionary War, coming after the main battle ended on October 1781.

After the war, Boone worked as a surveyor and trader, but fell into debt through a failed Kentucky land speculation. Frustrated with legal issues resulting from his land claims, in 1799, Boone emigrated to eastern Missouri, where he spent most of the last two decades of his life (1800-20).

Boone remains an iconic figure in American history. He is a legend in his own lifetime, especially after his adventure story was published in 1784 by John Filson, making him famous throughout Europe as a typical all-American front border. The American edition made it famous throughout the United States. After his death, he was often the subject of high stories of heroics and works of fiction. His adventures - real and legendary - are influential in creating the frontline heroes of American folklore. In American popular culture, he is remembered as one of the foremost frontiersmen. Daniel Boone's epic myth often overshadows the details of his life's history.

Video Daniel Boone

Youth

Daniel Boone is of British and Welsh descent. Since the Gregorian calendar was adopted during his lifetime, Boone's birth date is sometimes given as of November 2, 1734 (the date "New Style"), though Boone uses the October date. The Boone family belongs to the Religious Friends Group, called "Quaker", and is persecuted in England for their different beliefs. Daniel's father, Squire (first name, not title) Boone (1696-1765) emigrated from the small town of Bradninch, Devon (near Exeter) to Pennsylvania in 1713, to join William Penn's colonies of dissidents. Squire Boone parents, George Boone III and Mary Maugridge, followed their son to Pennsylvania in 1717, and in 1720 built a log cabin in Boonecroft.

In 1720, Squire Boone, who worked primarily as a weaver and a blacksmith, married Sarah Morgan (1700-77). Sarah's family is Quaker of Wales, and has settled in 1708 in the area of ​​the Towamencin Township in Montgomery County. In 1731, Boone moved to Exeter Township in the Oley Valley in Berks County, near the modern city of Reading. There they built a wooden hut, partly preserved today as Daniel Boone Homestead.

Daniel Boone was born there, November 2, 1734, the sixth child of eleven children. The Daniel Boone Homestead is four miles from Mordecai Lincoln House, making the family of the Squire Boone family of Mordecai Lincoln, the future grandfather of president Abraham Lincoln. The son of Mordecai, also called Abraham, married Ann Boone, Daniel's first cousin.

Daniel Boone spent his early years in what was then the outskirts of the border. Some villages of India Lenape are nearby. Pennsylvania Quaker patias have good relations with Native Americans, but the steady growth of the white population has forced many Indians to move further west. Boone was given the first rifle at the age of 12. He learned to hunt from local settlers and Lenape. Folklore often emphasizes Boone's skills as a hunter. In one story, young Boone was hunting in the woods with several other boys, when a panther's howls spread, all except Boone. He calmly tipped his gun and shot a predator through the heart just as it leaped toward him. The validity of this claim is contradicted, but the story is so often said to be part of its popular image.

In his young Boone, his family became a source of controversy in the local Quaker community when the two eldest children married outside the endogamy community, in Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania. In 1742, Boone's parents were forced to apologize publicly after their eldest son, Sarah, married John Willcockson, a "world resident" (non-Quaker). Because the young couple "continue to accompany", they are considered "married without the benefit of the priest". When Boones' oldest son, Israel married a "world inhabitant" in 1747, Squire Boone was standing near him. Both men were expelled from Quaker; Boone's wife continues to attend monthly meetings with their younger children.

Maps Daniel Boone

Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina

In 1750, Squire Boone sold the land and moved the family to North Carolina. Daniel Boone does not attend church anymore. He was identified as a Christian and told all his children to be baptized. The Boones finally settled on the Yadkin River, in what is now Davie County, about two miles (3 km) west of Mocksville. It is in the western forest area.

Since Boone grew up on the border, he had little formal education, but gained in-depth knowledge of the forest. According to one family tradition, a school teacher once expressed concern over Boone's education, but Boone's father said, "Let the girls do the spelling and Dan will do the shooting." Boone received some tutoring from family members, although his spelling remained unorthodox. Historian John Mack Faragher warns that the image of the Boone people as semi-literate is misleading, and argues that he "gained the same literacy level as most people of his day." Boone regularly carries reading materials with him on hunting expeditions - the Bible and Gulliver's Journey are favorites. He is often the only one who can read in groups of frontiersmen. Boone would sometimes cheer his hunting buddies by reading them around the night bonfire.

French and Indian Wars

After the French and Indian Wars (1754-1763) broke out between France and Britain, and their respective Indian allies, North Carolina Governor Matthew Rowan summoned the militia, which Boone volunteered. He serves under Captain Hugh Waddell on the North Carolina border. The Waddell Unit was assigned to serve in command of General Edward Braddock in 1755, and Boone acted as a wagoner, along with his cousin Daniel Morgan, who would later become a key general in the American Revolution. In the Battle of Monongahela, the end of the campaign and bitter defeat for England, Boone almost escaped death when the baggage carts were attacked by Indian troops. Boone remained critical of Braddock's blunder for the rest of his life.

While in the campaign, Boone meets John Finley, a packer who works for George Croghan in trans-Appalachian fur trade. Finley was first attracted to Boone in the abundant game and other natural wonders of the Ohio Valley. Finley took Boone on his first hunting trip to Kentucky 12 years later.

Marriage and family

Boone returned home and on August 14, 1756, he married Rebecca Bryan, a neighbor in the Yadkin River Valley. Her sister married one of Boone's sisters. The couple originally lived in a cabin on his father's farm. They finally have 10 children. His son, Nathan Boone, was the first white child known to have been born in Kentucky.

Boone supports his growing family in these years as a market hunter and trapper, collecting leather for fur trade. Almost every fall, Boone will go "long hunting", doing an extended expedition into the desert for several weeks or months. Boone goes alone or with a small group of men, collecting hundreds of deer skins in the fall, and trapping beavers and otters in the winter. The hunt follows the network of the bison migration path, known as the Medicine Path. When the long hunters return in the spring, they sell their gifts to commercial feather merchants.

Such frontlines often carve messages on trees or write their names on cave walls, and Boone names or initials have been found in many places. A tree in Washington County today, Tennessee read "D. Boon Cilled a Tree Bar in 1760". Similar carvings, housed in the Philson History Society museum in Louisville, Kentucky, read "D. Boon Kilt a Bar, 1803." The inscriptions are also among the many famous forgeries, part of a long tradition of fake Boone relics.

Cherokee conflict, temporarily moved to Virginia

In 1758, conflicts erupted between British and Cherokee troops, their allies in the French and Indian Wars (which continued in other parts of the continent). After Yadkin River Valley was invaded by Cherokee, Boone and many other families fled north to Culpeper County, Virginia. Boone served in the North Carolina militia during this "Cherokee Rebellion". His militia expedition went deep into the Cherokee area outside the Blue Ridge Mountains and he was separated from his wife for about two years.

In 1762, Boone, his wife, and four children moved back to the Yadkin River Valley from Culpeper. In the mid-1760s, with the peace made with Cherokee, colonial immigration to the area increased. Competition of new settlers decreases the number of games available. Boone has a hard time meeting the needs of life; he was often taken to court for not being able to pay debts. He sold his land to pay the creditors. After the death of his father in 1765, Boone traveled with his brother Squire and a group of people to Florida, who had become British territory after the end of the war, to see the possibility of settling there. According to family stories, Boone bought land near Pensacola, but Rebecca refused to move so far from her friends and family. The Boones moved to a more remote area of ​​the Yadkin River Valley, and Boone began hunting westward into the Blue Ridge Mountains.

src: c8.alamy.com

Kentucky

Boone first arrived in Kentucky in the fall of 1767, while in a long hunt with his brother, Squire Boone, Jr.'s first step. Boone in Kentucky near Elkhorn City right now. While on Braddock's expedition years earlier, Boone had heard about the fertile lands and the plentiful Kentucky game of fellow wagoner John Findley, who had visited Kentucky to trade with the American Indians. Boone and Findley happened to meet again, and Findley pushed Boone with more stories about Kentucky. At the same time, news has arrived about the Fort Stanwix Agreement, in which Iroquois has submitted their claim to Kentucky to the British. This, as well as unrest in North Carolina due to the Regulator Movement, is likely to encourage Boone to expand exploration.

On May 11, 1769, he began a two-year hunting expedition in Kentucky. On December 22, 1769, Boone and a fellow hunter, Benjamin Cutbirth, were captured by a Shawnees party, which seized all their skins and told them to leave and never returned. The Shawnees have not signed the Stanwix agreement, and since they regard Kentucky as their hunting ground, they consider the white hunters there as hunters. Boone, however, continued to hunt and explore Kentucky until returning to North Carolina in 1771, and again hunting there again in the fall of 1772.

On July 5, 1773, Boone packed up his family and, with a group of about 50 immigrants, began the first attempt by a British colonist to set up a settlement in Kentucky. Boone was still an unknown hunter and trapper at the time; the most prominent member of the expedition was William Russell, a famous brother-in-law of the Virginian and the future of Patrick Henry. On October 9, Boone's eldest son, James, and a small group of men and boys who had left the main party to collect supplies were attacked by the Delawares, Shawnees and Cherokees bands. After the Fort Stanwix Agreement, American Indians in the region have been debating what to do about the entry of settlers. The group has decided, in the words of historian John Mack Faragher, "to send a message about their opposition to the settlements". James Boone and William Russell's son Henry were arrested and tortured to death. The brutality of the killings sent shockwaves along the border, and the Boone party abandoned its expedition.

The massacre was one of the first events in what is known as the Dunmore War, a struggle between Virginia and, most notably, Shawnees of Ohio State to control what is now called West Virginia and Kentucky. In the summer of 1774, Boone volunteered to travel with a friend to Kentucky to tell the surveyors there about the outbreak of war. The two men traveled more than 800 miles (1,300 km) in two months to warn those who have not escaped from the territory. Upon his return to Virginia, Boone helped defend the colonial settlements along the Clinch River, gained promotion to captains in the militia, and gained recognition from fellow citizens. After a brief war, which ended shortly after Virginia's victory in the Battle of Point Pleasant in October 1774, Shawnees relinquished their claim to Kentucky.

After the Dunmore War, Richard Henderson, a leading judge from North Carolina, hired Boone to travel to the cities of Cherokee in North Carolina and Tennessee today and tell them about upcoming meetings. In the 1775 agreement, Henderson bought the Cherokee claim to Kentucky to establish a colony called Transylvania. Afterwards, Henderson hired Boone and Cutbirth to ignite what is known as Wilderness Road, which passes through the Cumberland Gap and into central Kentucky. Together with about 30 workers, Boone and Cutbirth mark the road to the Kentucky River, where they founded Boonesborough. Other settlements, especially Harrodsburg, are also established today. Despite the occasional Indian attack, Boone returned to the Clinch Valley and took his family and other settlers to Boonesborough on September 8, 1775.

src: i.ytimg.com

American Revolution

The violence in Kentucky increased with the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Native Americans are unhappy about the loss of Kentucky in the treaty seeing war as an opportunity to expel the colonists. Occupied settlers and hunters are subjected to frequent attacks, convincing many to leave Kentucky. In the late spring of 1776, fewer than 200 colonists remained in Kentucky, especially in the fortified settlements of Boonesborough, Harrodsburg, and Logan's Station.

On July 5, 1776, Boone Jemima's daughter and two other teenage girls were arrested outside Boonesborough by an Indian war party, which took the girls northward to Shawnee towns in Ohio state. Boone and a group of men from Boonesborough followed the chase, eventually following them two days later. Boone and his men ambushed the Indians when they stopped to eat, rescued the girls and drove their kidnappers. The incident became the most famous event in Boone's life. James Fenimore Cooper created a fictional version of the episode in his classic novel The Last of the Mohicans (1826).

In 1777, Henry Hamilton, British Lieutenant Governor of Canada, began recruiting American Indian war parties to attack Kentucky settlements. On April 24, the Shawnee Indians led by the Blackfish Head attacked Boonesborough. Boone was shot at the ankle while outside the castle, but he was brought back inside amid a spate of bullets by Simon Kenton, who recently arrived at Boonesborough. Kenton became Boone's close friend, as well as a legendary legend in himself.

While Boone recovers, Shawnees continues to strike outside Boonesborough, destroying the cattle and plants around him. With the depleted food supply, the settlers needed salt to preserve what meat they had, so in January 1778 Boone led a party of 30 people to the salt springs on the Licking River. On February 7, when Boone was hunting for meat for an expedition, he was shocked and captured by soldiers led by Blackfish. Since Boone's party is so outnumbered, Boone returns the next day with Blackfish and persuades his men to surrender rather than quarrel.

Blackfish wants to move on to Boonesborough and arrest him, because now his defense is bad, but Boone assures him that women and children are not strong enough to survive the winter trip. Instead, Boone promised that Boonesborough would surrender voluntarily to Shawnees the following spring. Boone had no chance to tell his men that he was bluffing to prevent a direct attack on Boonesborough. Boone pursued this strategy with great conviction that many of his men concluded that he had transferred his allegiance to England.

Boone and his men were taken to the town of Blackfish, Chillicothe, where they were made to run the challenge. As was their custom, Shawnees adopted some prisoners into tribes to replace the fallen soldiers; the rest were brought to Hamilton in Detroit. Boone was adopted into the Shawnee family at Chillicothe, perhaps into the Blackfish Head family himself, and was named Sheltowee (Big Turtle). On June 16, 1778, when he learned Blackfish would return to Boonesborough with great power, Boone dodged his captors and ran home, traveling 160 miles (260 km) to Boonesborough in five days on horseback and, after his horse gave out, on foot.

During Boone's absence, his wife and children (except Jemima) have returned to North Carolina, assuming he is dead. Upon his return to Boonesborough, some expressed doubts about Boone's loyalty, since after handing over the salt-making party, he apparently lived quite happily among the Shawnees for months. Boone responded by leading a preemptive attack against Shawnees across the Ohio River, and later by helping successfully defend Boonesborough against a 10-day siege led by Blackfish, which began on September 7, 1778.

After the siege, Captain Benjamin Logan and Colonel Richard Callaway - both had a nephew still captive by Boone - bringing charges against Boone for his recent activities. In the military court that followed, Boone was found "not guilty", and even promoted after the court heard his testimony. Despite this justification, Boone was humiliated by a military court, and he rarely talked about it.

After the trial, Boone returned to North Carolina to bring his family back to Kentucky. In the fall of 1779, a large number of emigrants came with him, including (according to tradition) the family of Abraham Lincoln's grandfather. Instead of staying at Boonesborough, Boone set up the closest settlement of Boone's Station. He started making money at this time by placing good ground for the other settlers. The Transylvanian land claims have been canceled after Virginia created Kentucky County, so the settlers needed to file a new land claim with Virginia. In 1780, Boone collected about $ 20,000 in cash from various settlers and went to Williamsburg to purchase their land certificate. While he was sleeping in a tavern during the trip, cash was stolen from his room. Some settlers forgave Boone to lose; the other insisted he pay back the stolen money, which took him several years to do.

Boone's popular feature that has emerged in recent years is that the backwoodman has little in common with the "civilized" community, moving away from places like Boonesborough when they become "overcrowded". But in fact, Boone is a prominent Kentucky citizen today. When Kentucky was divided into three Virginia regions in November 1780, Boone was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the Fayette County militia. In April 1781, he was elected vice-general of the Virginia General Assembly, held in Richmond. In 1782, he was elected a sheriff in Fayette County.

Meanwhile, the American Revolutionary War continues. Boone joined the invasion of General George Rogers Clark into the state of Ohio in 1780, fighting in the Battle of Piqua on 7 August. In October, when Boone was hunting with his brother Ned, Shawnees shot and killed Ned. Apparently thinking that they had killed Daniel Boone, Shawnees beheaded Ned and took home as a trophy. In 1781, Boone traveled to Richmond to take his seat in the legislature, but the British gunman under Banastre Tarleton captured Boone and several other legislators near Charlottesville. Britain released Boone with parole a few days later. During the reign of Boone, Cornwallis succumbed to Yorktown in October 1781, but the battle continues in Kentucky. Boone returned to Kentucky and in August 1782 fought in the Battle of the Blue Licks, where his son Israel was killed. In November 1782, Boone took part in Clark's expedition to Ohio, the last major war campaign.

src: thetimothycareyexperience.files.wordpress.com

Entrepreneurs on the Ohio River

After the Revolution, Boone settled back in Limestone (renamed Maysville, Kentucky in 1786), then a booming Ohio River port. In 1787, he was elected to the state assembly of Virginia as a representative of Bourbon County. In Maysville, he maintains a tavern and works as a surveyor, horse trader, and land speculator. He was originally prosperous, had seven slaves in 1787, a relatively large sum for Kentucky at the time. Boone became a celebrity while living in Maysville. In 1784, on his fiftieth anniversary, the historian John Filson published The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke, a book that included a Boone adventure story.

The Revolutionary War was over, but the border war with the American Indians north of the Ohio River returned with the Northwest Indian War. In September 1786, Boone took part in a military expedition to Ohio State led by Benjamin Logan. Back in Limestone, Boone resides and feeds Shawnees who was captured during the attack, and helped negotiate the exchange of ceasefires and captives. Though the war increased and would not end until the American victory in the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, the 1786 expedition was the last time Boone saw military action.

Boone started having financial problems while living in Maysville. In the image of the people then, Boone the robber was too simple for the civilization that followed him and who ultimately deceived himself upon his land. Boone is not a simple legend, however: it engages in large-scale ground speculation, buying and selling claims of up to tens of thousands of hectares. The land market on the Kentucky border was chaotic, and Boone's efforts finally failed because his investment strategy was wrong and because of his respect made him reluctant to take advantage of the costs of others. According to Faragher, "Boone has no cruel instincts as speculation requires."

Frustrated with the legal hassles that occurred with land speculation, in 1788, Boone moved upstream to Point Pleasant, Virginia (now West Virginia). There he operates a trading post and sometimes works as a surveyor assistant. When Virginia created Kanawha County in 1789, Boone was appointed lieutenant colonel of the local militia. In 1791, he was elected to the Virginia parliament for the third time. He was contracted to provide supplies for the Kanawha militia, but his debts prevented him from buying goods on credit, so he closed his shop and went back to hunting and trapping.

In 1795, Rebecca and she moved back to Kentucky, who live in the area of ​​Nicholas that is now on the land owned by their son Daniel Morgan Boone. The following year, Boone appealed to Isaac Shelby, the first governor of the new state of Kentucky, for a contract to widen the Wilderness Road to a wagon route, but the contract was awarded to someone else. Meanwhile, lawsuits over conflicting land claims continue to make their way through Kentucky courts. Boone's remaining land claims are sold to pay legal and tax costs, but he is no longer paying attention to the process. In 1798, a warrant was issued for Boone's arrest after he ignored a call to testify in court, though the sheriff never found him. That same year, the Kentucky assembly was named Boone County in his honor.

src: c8.alamy.com

Missouri

After experiencing legal and financial setbacks, Boone attempted to make a fresh start by leaving the United States. In 1799, he moved his extended family to what is now St. Charles County, Missouri, but later became part of the Spanish Louisiana. The Spaniards, who want to promote settlements in the sparsely populated areas, do not impose the official requirement that all immigrants should become Roman Catholics. The Spanish governor appoints Boone "syndicates" (judges and juries) and commanders (military leaders) from the district of Femme Osage. Many anecdotes from Boone's position as a syndrome suggest he is trying to make a fair judgment rather than strictly observing the letter of the law.

Boone served as a syndicate and commander until 1804, when Missouri became part of the United States after the Louisiana Purchase. Since Boone's land grant from the Spanish government was largely based on an oral agreement, he once again lost his land claim. In 1809, he petitioned Congress to restore his land claims in Spain, finally in 1814. Boone sold most of this land to pay off old Kentucky debts. When the War of 1812 came to Missouri, the Boone boys, Daniel Morgan Boone and Nathan Boone took part, but by that time Boone was too old for militia duty.

Boone spent his last years in Missouri, often in the company of children and grandchildren, where he continued to hunt and trap as much as his health and energy levels were allowed. According to one story, in 1810 or later, Boone went with the group in a long hunt as far west of the Yellowstone River, an incredible journey at his age, if true. In 1816, an American officer at Fort Osage, in Missouri, wrote:

We have been honored with visits from Colonel Boon , Kentucky's first settlers; he recently spent two weeks with us.... He left this for the Platt river, a little way up. Col Boon was eighty-five years old, five feet seven inches tall, strong, and active for one of his years; still strong mind, and quite well informed. He has taken part in all wars in America, from before the Braddock war to the present.

The story is told about Boone doing one last visit to Kentucky to pay his creditors, although some or all of these tales may be folklore. American painter John James Audubon claimed to have gone hunting with Boone in the Kentucky forest around 1810. Years later, Audubon painted a portrait of Boone, allegedly from memory, although skeptics have noted the similarity of this painting with a famous portrait by Chester Harding. The Boone family insisted that he never returned to Kentucky after 1799, although some historians believe that Boone visited his brother Squire near Kentucky in 1810 and therefore reported Audubon's story as fact.

src: cdn.shopify.com

Death

Daniel Boone died of natural causes (another source said of acute digestive disorders) on September 26, 1820, at Nathan Boone's home in Femme Osage Creek, five weeks before his 86th birthday. His last words were, "I'm leaving now. My time is here." He was buried next to Rebecca, who had died on March 18, 1813. The grave, which was not marked until the mid-1830s, was near Callaway's Jemima (Boone) house in Tuque Creek, about two miles (3 km) from the present-day Marthasville , Missouri. In 1845, Boon's remains' should have been disinterred and re-buried in a new cemetery, Frankfort Cemetery in Frankfort, Kentucky. The resentment in Missouri about the disinterment grew over the years, and a legend emerged that the remains of Boone never left Missouri. According to this story, the Boone tombstone in Missouri was accidentally placed over the wrong tomb, but no one ever corrected the error. Boone's relatives in Missouri, unhappy with the Kentuckians who came to hunt Boone, remained silent about the error, and they let the Kentuckians dig up the wrong remains. There is no contemporary evidence to suggest that this actually happened, but in 1983, a forensic anthropologist examined Boone's raw skull cricket made before Kentucky reburial and announced that it was probably an African American skull. Black slaves have also been buried in Tuque Creek, so it is possible that the wrong remains were removed from the overcrowded graveyard. Frankfort cemetery in Kentucky and Old Bryan Farm cemeteries in Missouri claim to have the remains of Boone.

Cultural heritage

A lot of heroic and politeness-related adventures are associated with me that only exist in fancy areas. With me the world has taken a lot of freedom, but I'm just an ordinary man.

Daniel Boone remains an iconic figure in American history, although his status as an early American folk hero and later as a fictional subject tends to obscure the true details of his life. Several places in the United States were named for him, including Daniel Boone National Forest, Sheltowee Footprints, Boone City, North Carolina, various settlements carrying the name "Boonville", and seven counties: Boone County, Illinois, Boone County, Indiana, Boone County, Nebraska , Boone County, West Virginia, Boone County, Missouri, Boone County, Arkansas, and Boone County, Kentucky. Schools throughout the United States are named for Daniel Boone, including schools in Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, Douglassville, Pennsylvania, Richmond, Kentucky, Wentzville, Missouri, Warrenton, Missouri, Gray, Tennessee, and Chicago.

Daniel Boone was honored with a 6-cent cap in the American Folklore Series on September 26, 1968, in Frankfort, Kentucky, where he was buried. He is a famous frontier in the development of Virginia, Kentucky and western trans-Appalachian. Roughly carved board walls display Boone trading tools - Pennsylvania rifles, powdered horns, and knives. The tomahawk pipeline states that Shawnees has adopted Boone. The name and date of birth were carved on the wall.

US Navy James Madison -class Polaris USS Daniel Boone (SSBN-629), named Boone.

Appears as a legend

Boone emerged as a legend largely due to land speculator John Filson "The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon", part of his book The Discovery, Settlement And Present State of Kentucke . First published in 1784, Filson's book is a pamphlet primarily intended to popularize Kentucky to immigrants. It was immediately translated into French and German, and made Boone famous in America and Europe. Based on an interview with Boone, Filson's book contains most of the facts about the Boone adventure of Kentucky exploration through the American Revolution. However, since the original Boone is a somewhat of a word, Filson finds a philosophical and sheen dialogue for this "autobiography". The next editor cuts some of these parts and replaces them with a more sensible - but still false - ones. Often reprinted, Filson's book establishes Boone as one of the first popular heroes in the United States.

Like John Filson, Timothy Flint also interviewed Boone, and Daniel Boone's Memoirs, First Settler of Kentucky (1833) became one of the 19th century's best-selling biographies. Flint greatly adorned Boone's adventures, doing to Boone what Parson Weems did for George Washington. In Flint's book Boone fought with a bear, escaped from India by swinging the vines (as Tarzan did), and so on. Although the Boone family thought the book was unreasonable, Flint greatly influenced Boone's popular conception, because these high tales were recycled in many novels and equivalent books intended for boys.

Symbols and stereotypes

Thanks to Filson's book, in Europe, Boone became a symbol of "carnal man" living in a pious and uncomplicated life in the wilderness. This is most famously expressed in the epic poem of Lord Byron Don Juan (1822), which devotes a number of verses to Boone, including this one:

Of the big names on our faces staring,

General Boon, Kentucky woodsman,

The happiest among humans anywhere;

For not killing anything but bears or money, he

Enjoying lonely and harmless days

From his old age in the wild from the deepest labyrinth.

Byron's poem celebrates Boone as someone who finds happiness by turning his back on civilization. In the same vein, many folklore depicts Boone as a man who migrates to remote areas whenever civilization joins him. In a typical anecdote, when asked why he moved to Missouri, Boone should have replied, "I want more elbow room!" Boone rejected such an interpretation from his life, however. "There's nothing embarrassing about my old age," he said at the end of his life, like "the unreasonable circulation of stories that I retired as an advanced civilization..."

It coincides with Boone's image as a refugee from society, paradoxically, his popular depiction as a pioneer of civilization. Boone is celebrated as the agent of Manifest Destiny, a pathfinder that tame the wilderness, paving the way for the expansion of American civilization. In 1852, critic Henry Tuckerman called Boone "Columbus of the woods", comparing the Boone passage through the Cumberland Gap to Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World. In popular mythology, Boone became the first to explore and complete Kentucky, paving the way for many others to follow. In fact, other Americans have been exploring and settling in Kentucky before Boone, as the 20th century debunker often shows, but Boone came to symbolize them all, making it what historian Michael Lofaro calls the "founding father of expansion to the west".

In the nineteenth century, when Native Americans were displaced from their land and confined in reservations, Boone's image was often reshaped into stereotypes of an aggressive frontiersman and hated the then popular India. In John A. McClung The Sketch of Western Adventure (1832), for example, Boone is portrayed as a longing for "the thrilling jealousy of fierce warfare." Boone turns in a popular imagination into someone who considers Indians with contempt and has killed a number of "savages". Boone actually does not like bloodshed. According to historian John Bakeless, there is no record that Boone ever frightened Indians, unlike other frontiersmen of the time. Boone once told his son, Nathan, that he believed he had killed only one Indian, during the battle at Blue Licks, although he was sure other people might have died from his bullets in another battle. Although Boone has lost two sons in the war with the Indians, he respects Indians and is respected by them. In Missouri, Boone often went hunting with great Shawnees who had captured and adopted him decades earlier. Some 19th-century writers regard Boone's sympathy for Indians as defective characters and therefore change his words to conform to contemporary attitudes.

In fiction

Boone adventure, real and mystical, forms the basis of an archetypal hero of West America, popular in nineteenth-century novels and 20th century movies. The main character of James Fenimore Cooper Leigherstocking Tales, first published in 1823, has a striking similarity to Boone; even his name, Nathaniel Bumppo, echoes Daniel Boone's name. As mentioned above, The Last of the Mohicans (1826), the second novel Leatherstocking Cooper, featured a fictional version of Boone's rescue of his daughter. After Cooper, another writer developed a Western hero, an iconic figure that began as a variation of Daniel Boone.

In the 20th century, Boone was featured in various comic strips, radio programs, and movies, such as the 1936 film Daniel Boone, with George O'Brien playing the title role.

Daniel Boone was the subject of the TV series that runs on NBC from 1964 to 1970. In the theme song for the series, Boone is described as "the big guy" in "coonskin hat", and "rippin'est, roarin 'est, the very first fighter ever known! "This does not describe the real Boone, who is not a big man and does not wear a coonskin hat. Boone is portrayed this way because Fess Parker, the tall actor who plays it, essentially repeats his role as Davy Crockett of the previous TV series. The Boone can be described in the same way as Crockett, another American frontierman with a very different personality, is another example of how Boone's image is reshaped to meet popular tastes.

Descendants

Three generations of Boone descendants are Major League Baseball players: Ray Boone, son of Ray Bob Boone, and Ray's grandson, Brett Boone and Aaron Boone.

See also

• Edward Morgan Log House
• Daniel Boone School
• Thomas S. Hinde, a close friend of the Boone Family, a neighbor in Kentucky, and a Boone interviewer.
• Boone Garden Cave
• Daniel Boone National Forest
• Boone Trail, between Virginia Beach, Virginia, and San Francisco, California

Note

References

• Without Talent, John. Daniel Boone: Master of the Wilderness . Originally published in 1939, it reprinted the University of Nebraska Press, 1989. ISBNÃ, 0-8032-6090-3. Boone's definitive biography of his time, it was the first to make full use of the large amount of material collected by Lyman Draper; online edition
• Chocolate, Meredith Mason. Frontiersman: Daniel Boone and the Making of America . Baton Rouge, LA. Louisiana State University Press, 2007. ISBNÃ, 978-0-8071-3356-9.
• Draper, Lyman. The life of Daniel Boone , edited by Ted Franklin Belue. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1998. ISBNÃ, 0-8117-0979-5. The Belue notes provide a modern scientific perspective for the unfinished 19th century biography of Draper, which follows Boone's life up to the Booneborough siege.
• Elliott, Lawrence. The Long Hunter: The New Life of Daniel Boone . New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1976. ISBNÃ, 0-88349-066-8.
• Faragher, John Mack. Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of American Pioneers . New York: Holt, 1992. ISBNÃ, 0-8050-1603-1. Standard scientific biography, checking history and folklore.
• Jones, Randell. In the Traces of Daniel Boone . Blair: North Carolina, 2005. ISBNÃ, 0-89587-308-7. A guide to the historical site associated with Boone.
• Lofaro, Michael. Daniel Boone: American life . Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. ISBNÃ, 0-8131-2278-3. Brief biography, previously published (in 1978 and 1986) as Daniel Boone's Life and Adventure . online reviews; online edition
• Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860 . Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973. ISBNÃ, 0-8195-4055-2.

Further reading

• Aron, Stephen. How West Was Lost: Kentucky Transformation from Daniel Boone to Henry Clay . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. ISBNÃ, 0-8018-5296-X.
• Hammon, Neal O., ed. My father, Daniel Boone: Draper interview with Nathan Boone . Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999. ISBNÃ, 0-8131-2103-5.
• Morgan, Robert. Boone: A Biography . Chapel Hill, N.C.: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 2007. ISBNÃ, 978-1-56512-455-4.
• Reid, Darren R., ed. Daniel Boone and More in Kentucky Frontier: Autobiography and Narration, 1769-1795 . Jefferson: McFarland and Company, 2009. ISBNÃ, 978-0-7864-4377-2.
• Smith, Henry Nash. Virgin Land: The American West as a Symbol and Myth . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950.
• Sweeney, J. Gray. Columbus of the Woods: Daniel Boone and Typology of Manifest Destiny . St. Louis, Mo.: Washington University Art Gallery, 1992. ISBN: 0-936316-14-4.
• Thwaites, Reuben Gold. Daniel Boone . The first modern biography, originally published in 1902 and often reprinted.

External links

Primary material

• "Daniel Boon's Adventures of Colonel (sic)" autobiographical "memorial book from Filson
• Daniel Boone EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica article
• The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke The entire work of John Filson, including the life of "Appendix" Boone
• Daniel Boone's personal paper in the Wisconsin Historical Society can be traced to a collection of 32 volumes of manuscripts and Boone correspondence, part of the Lyman Draper collection
• Haldimand Collection 232 series of documents related to the American War of Independence, from an English perspective.
• Works by or about Daniel Boone in the Internet Archive

Other material

• Tomb of Kentucky, additional photos
• The birthplace of Daniel Boone, the Berks County website
• "Daniel Boone, Extraordinary Life of Ordinary People", genealogy information, Missouri tomb photos, various other materials
• Daniel Boone - Kentucky Pioneers Hero, by Wilbur F. Gordy, 1903.
• Ã, Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Boone, Daniel". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica (issue 11). Cambridge University Press.
• Works by Daniel Boone by John S. C. Abbott (1805-1877) on LibriVox (public domain audiobook)

Source of the article : Wikipedia