Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340.
Billed as "The Capital of the World Media" and just a few miles north-east of Hollywood, many media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank, including The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, The Burbank Studios , Cartoon Network Studios with the Cartoon Network branch on the West Coast, and Insomniac Games. The Hollywood Burbank Airport is the location of Lockheed's Skunk Works, which produces some of the most secretive and technologically advanced aircraft, including the U-2 spy plane that uncovered Soviet missile components in Cuba in October 1962.
Burbank consists of two distinct areas: the central part of the city/foothills, in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains, and the lowlands. The city is referred to as "Beautiful Downtown Burbank" at Rowan & amp; Martin's Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson . The city is named after David Burbank, a dentist and New Hampshire-born entrepreneur who founded a sheep farm there in 1867.
Video Burbank, California
History
Initial history
The city of Burbank occupies the land that was originally part of two Spanish and Mexican colonial land grants, 36,400-acre (147Ã, km 2 ) Rancho San Rafael, awarded to Jose Maria Verdugo by the Spanish Bourbon government in 1784, and 4,063-acre (16.44 km 2 ) Rancho Providencia was created in 1821. Historically, this area was the scene of a military battle that resulted in the exclusion of the Spanish Governor of California, and his successor by Mexican leader Pio Pico. Remnants of military battles were reported to be found years later around Warner Bros Studio when residents dug cannonballs.
David Burbank purchased over 4,600 acres (19 km km) from the former Verdugo and 4,600 hectare (19 km km) detention from Rancho Providencia in 1867 and built a farmhouse and began raising sheep and growing wheat on the farm. In 1876, the San Fernando Valley became the largest grain milling area in Los Angeles County. But the drought of the 1860s and 1870s underscored the need for a stable water supply.
A professionally trained dentist, Burbank began his career in Waterville, Maine. He joined a major migration westward in the early 1850s and, in 1853, lived in San Francisco. At the time of the American Civil War broke out he re-established in his profession as a dentist in Pueblo de Los Angeles. In 1867, he bought Rancho La Providencia from David W. Alexander and Francis Mellus, and he bought the western part of Rancho San Rafael (4,603 hectares) from Jonathan R. Scott. The Burbank property reaches nearly 9,200 hectares (37 km 2 ) at a cost of $ 9,000. Burbank will not acquire a full degree for both properties until after a court decision known as the "Great Partition" was made in 1871 dissolving Rancho San Rafael. He is finally recognized as one of the largest and most successful sheep breeders in southern California, and as a result, he closes his dental practice and invests in real estate in Los Angeles.
Burbank also owns Burbank Theater, which opened on November 27, 1893, at a cost of $ 150,000. Although the theater was meant to be an opera house, but the theater performed the drama and became nationally famous. This theater featured famous actors of the time including Fay Bainter and Marjorie Rambeau, until it deteriorated into a home full of joy.
When the area that became Burbank was built in the 1870s and 1880s, the streets were aligned along what is now Olive Avenue, the road to Cahuenga Pass and downtown Los Angeles. These were mostly roads that Native Americans traveled and early settlers brought their products to Los Angeles for sale and bought supplies along these routes.
At that time, the major long-distance transportation methods available to residents of the San Fernando Valley were the train and rail. Stagecoaching between Los Angeles and San Francisco through the Valley began in 1858. The South Pacific Railroad arrived in the Valley in 1876, completing a route connecting San Francisco and Los Angeles.
A shrewd businessman, who foresaw the value of rail transport, Burbank sells the Southern Pacific Railroad a way right through the property for a dollar. The first train passed through Burbank on April 5, 1874. An explosion created by the tariff war between Santa Fe and the South Pacific took people flowing into California shortly afterwards, and a group of speculators bought most of Burbank's 1886 land holdings for $ 250,000. One account suggests Burbank might sell off its property due to the severe dry season of the year, which causes water and grass shortages for its livestock. About 1,000 of his sheep died from drought conditions.
The group of speculators who bought the land formed the Land, Water and Development Company of Providencia and began developing the land, called the new city Burbank after its founder, and began offering farmland on May 1, 1887. The village had Burbank Boulevard/Walnut Avenue as the northern boundary, Grandview Avenue as the southern boundary, the edge of the Verdugo Mountains as the eastern boundary and Clybourn Avenue is the western border. The establishment of a water system in 1887 allowed farmers to irrigate their gardens and provide a stronger base for agricultural development. The original plot of the new townsite Burbank extended from what is now Burbank Boulevard in the north, to Grandview Avenue in Glendale, California to the south, and from the top of Verdugo Hill in the east to what is now known as Clybourn Avenue. in the West.
At the same time, the arrival of trains provides direct access for farmers to bring harvest to the market. Houses and packing warehouses are built along rail corridors. Trains also provide access to the area for tourists and immigrants. A South Pacific Railway depot in Burbank was completed in 1887.
The boom raised the value of real estate in the Los Angeles area proved to be a speculative madness that collapsed suddenly in 1889. Most of the newly wealthy people were made bankrupt. Many of the many in Burbank are eventually sold for taxes. A large number of people will leave this area before it's over.
In 1904, Burbank gained international attention for having world heavyweight champion James J. Jeffries became the main landowner in the city. Jeffries bought 107 hectares (0.43 km 2 ) to build a ranch on Victory Boulevard. He eventually reared cattle and sold them in Mexico and South America, becoming one of the first citizens involved in foreign trade. He eventually built a large ranch house and a warehouse near Victory and Buena Vista Street places now intersected. The barn was then moved and reassembled at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.
The first Burbank telephone exchange, or telephone switch, was established in August 1900, becoming the first in the San Fernando Valley. Within 5 years, there were several telephone exchanges in the Valley and became known as the San Fernando Valley Home Phone Company, based in Glendale. Home Phones compete with Tropico, and in 1918 both were taken over by the Pacific Telephone Company. At the moment, there are about 300 hand-operated phones in Burbank.
The first bank in the city was formed in 1908 when Burbank State Bank opened its doors near the corner of Olive Avenue and San Fernando Blvd. On the first day, the bank collected a $ 30,000 deposit, and by then the city had a population of 300. In 1911, the bank was dissolved; then will become Burbank branch of Security Trust & amp; Savings bank.
In 1911, wealthy farmer Joseph Fawkes planted an apricot and owned a house on West Olive Avenue. He also has an appeal to the engine, and soon begins to develop what is known as the "Fawkes Folly" air trolley. He and his wife, Ellen C. Fawkes, get two patents for the country's first monorail. Both formed the Air Trolley Car Company and began building prototypes that are believed to revolutionize transportation.
Joseph Fawkes named his Aerial Swallow trolley, a cigar-bearing monorail, propelled by a propeller promised to take passengers from Burbank to downtown Los Angeles in 10 minutes. The first open car accommodates about 20 passengers and is suspended from overhead paths and supported by wooden beams. In 1911, the first monorail car and run through its Burbank farm, with a line between the Lake and Flower Road. The monorail was considered a failure after just jumping over the legs and falling to pieces. No one was hurt but Joseph Fawkes's pride was seriously injured when Aerial Swallow was known as "Fawkes' Folly." City officials regarded the test as a failure and focused on getting the Pacific Electric Streetcar line to Burbank.
Arranged and surveyed with a modern business district surrounded by many dwellings, the wide boulevard is carved as "Los Angeles Express" printed:
"Burbank, the city, built in the midst of a new farming community, has been laid out in such a way to make it by and by an extraordinarily beautiful city.The streets and roads are wide and, all have been very well-rated. doing credit to the city... Everything done in Burbank has been done right. "
Burbank residents must provide a $ 48,000 subsidy to make Pacific Electric Streetcar officials reluctant to approve a line extension from Glendale to Burbank. The first Red Car slid into Burbank on September 6, 1911, with an extraordinary celebration. That was about two months after the city became a city. The "Burbank Review" newspaper carried a special edition that day that advised all the locals that:
"On Wednesday, the first electric car that runs regular passenger schedules leaves Pacific Electric station at Sixth and Main roads, Los Angeles, to Burbank at 6:30 am and the first car from Burbank to Los Angeles remains at 6: On the same day , upon the arrival of this car on its inaugural journey, many residents gave evidence of their great joy by ringing bells and the use of firearms. A large crowd of men and women climbed into the first car and drove to Glendale and there changed to the second car coming from Los Angeles and go home again.Every face is an expression of happiness and satisfaction. "
The Burbank line was completed via Cypress Avenue in Burbank, and by mid 1925 the line was extended about a mile further along Glenoaks Boulevard to Eton Drive. A small wooden station was set up in Burbank in 1911 on Orange Grove Avenue with a small storage yard on the back. This depot was destroyed by fire in 1942 and in 1947 a small passenger shelter was built.
On May 26, 1942, the California State Railway Commission proposed the extension of the Burbank Line to the Lockheed plant. Proposal requests double path from Arden Junction with Glenoaks to San Fernando Blvd. and Empire Way, to the northeast of Lockheed's main facility. But this extension never materialized and the commission moved to another project in San Fernando Valley. The Red Car Line in Burbank was abandoned and the tracks were removed in 1956.
The city marshal's office was changed to the Burbank Police Department in 1923. The first police chief was George Cole, who later became a US Treasury banning official.
In 1928, Burbank was one of the first 13 cities to join the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, one of the largest water suppliers in the world. This contrasts with other San Fernando Valley communities who gain water through political annexation to Los Angeles. In 1937, the first power of Dam Hoover was distributed through Burbank's own power grid. The city bought about 55% of its water from MWD.
Burbank City
The city continues to grow, overcoming the drought and depression that hit Los Angeles in the 1890s and in 20 years, the community has banks, newspapers, high schools and thriving business districts with tool shops, staple goods stores, dry, general store, and bike repair shop. The city's first newspaper, Burbank Review, was founded in 1906.
The people appealed to the State Legislature to enter as a city on July 8, 1911, with businessman Thomas Story as mayor. Voters approved the merger by voting 81 to 51. At that time, the Supervisory Board set up a community of 500 residents. The first city seal adopted by Burbank featured melon, which is a plant that helps save city life when a land boom collapses. In 1931, the original city seal was replaced and in 1978 a modern seal was adopted. The new seal shows City Hall under banners but no cantaloupe. An airplane represents the city's aircraft industry, film strips and stage lights representing film production. The lower part depicts the sun rising over the Verdugo Mountains.
In 1915, most of the valleys surrendered, helping Los Angeles to be more than double its size that year. However Burbank is among several cities with their own water wells and remains independent. In 1916 Burbank had 1,500 inhabitants. In 1922, the Burbank Chamber of Commerce was arranged. The Federal Government formally recognized Burbank's status in 1923 when the United States Postal Service reclassified the city from the countryside sending village mail to the city's postal delivery service . By this time, Burbank's population has grown significantly, from less than 500 people in 1908 to more than 3,000 residents. The city's business district grows on the western side of San Fernando Blvd. and runs from Verdugo to Cypress Road, and on the east side to Palm Avenue. In 1927, a five mile (8 km) paved road had risen to 125 miles (201 km).
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 started a period of trouble for Burbank where business and housing growth stopped. The effects of the Depression also led to tight credit conditions and halt the construction of houses throughout the region, including the development of Magnolia Park in the city. Around this time, big businessmen started cutting salaries and some plants closed their doors forever.
Around this time, Burbank City Council responded by cutting 10% of city workers' wages. Money is put into the Employee Assistance Department to help the unemployed. Local civil and religious groups began to act and contribute to food as homeless camps begin to form along Southern Southern Pacific railways. Hundreds of people began to participate in self-help cooperatives, trade skills such as barbering, sewing, piping or carpentry, for food and other services.
In 1930, as First National Studios, Andrew Jergens Company, The Lockheed Company, McNeill and Libby Canning Company, Moreland Company, and Northrop Aircraft Corporation opened the facility in Burbank and the population soared to 16,662.
After a bust of the Valley basin during the Depression, real estate began to rise again in the mid-1930s. In Burbank, a 100-house construction project began in 1934. In 1936, the value of properties in the city exceeded the pre-Depression level. By 1950, the population had reached 78.577. It's no longer the "little little village" of Jane Russell's "Hollywood Cinderella"; it has become a major suburb of Los Angeles. From 1967 to 1989, the six-block intersection of San Fernando Blvd. is a pedestrian as "Golden Mall".
In June 2008, the city's employee population in Burbank reached 1,683. Of that total, 1,253 work full-time, 217 part-time, and 213 temporary employees. The Burbank City Employee Association represents workers in the city. This organization dates back to 1939, and its main role is to obtain civil service status for urban workers. BCEA, representing more than 750 city employees, is one of six fresh bargaining unions in the Burbank government. Others include: the Burbank Fire Fighters Association, the Burbank Police Officers Association, the 18th International Electrical Workers 'International Fraternity, the Burbank Chief Officers' Unit and the Burbank Management Association.
Initialization
In 1887, Burbank Furniture Manufacturing Company was the first factory in the city. After the land boom declined in 1888, the building was abandoned and transients slept in an empty factory. In 1917, the arrival of the Moreland Truck Motor Company changed the city and resulted in manufacturing and industrial workforce beginning to take root in the city. Within a few years, Moreland's truck was seen labeled label, "Made in Burbank." Watt Moreland, the owner, has moved his factory to Burbank from Los Angeles. He selected 25 hectares (100,000 m 2 ) at San Fernando Blvd. and Alameda Avenue. Moreland invested $ 1 million in factories and machinery, and employs 500 people. It was the largest truck maker west of the Mississippi.
In the coming decades, the factories, both large and small, will fill the landscape. What is primarily a farming and livestock area will be replaced by various manufacturing industries. Moreland operated from 1917 to 1937. Aerospace Supplier, Menasco Manufacturing Company will then purchase the property. The landing gear factory Burbank Menasco closed in 1994 because of slow commercial and military orders affecting 310 people. Within months of Moreland's arrival, the Community Manufacturing Company, a $ 3 million tractor company, arrived in Burbank.
In 1920, the Andrew Jergens Company plant opened on Verdugo Avenue near railroads in Burbank. Andrew Jergens, Jr. - aided by his father, Cincinnati businessman Andrew Jergens, Sr and business partners Frank Adams and Morris Spazier - have bought the site and built a one-story building. They start with one product, coconut oil soap, but then will make face cream, lotion, liquid soap and deodorant. In 1931, despite the Depression, the Jergens company expanded, building new offices and delivery department facilities. In 1939, the Burbank company joined the Cincinnati company Andrew Jergens, Sr., becoming known as Andrew Jergens Company of Ohio. The Burbank plant closed in 1992, affecting nearly 90 employees.
Flights
The formation of major aircraft and airport industries in Burbank during the 1930s set the stage for massive growth and development, which continued at an accelerated pace into World War II and also entered the postwar era. Brother Allan Loughead and Malcolm Loughead, founder of Lockheed Aircraft Company, opened Burbank's manufacturing plant in 1928, and a year later renowned designer Jack Northrop built his historic Flying Wing aircraft at his own factory nearby.
Dedicated to Memorial Day Weekend (19 May - 1 June), 1930, United Airport was the largest commercial airport in the Los Angeles area until it was lost in 1946 by Los Angeles Municipal Airport (now Los Angeles International Airport) in Westchester when the facility former Mines Field ) commenced commercial operations. Amelia Earhart, Wiley Post and Howard Hughes are one of the leading aviation pioneers for pilot aircraft in and out of the original Union Air Terminal. In 1935, Union Air Terminal in Burbank was ranked as the third largest air terminal in the country, with 46 planes flying out every day. The airport served 9,895 passengers in 1931 and 98,485 passengers in 1936.
In 1931, Lockheed later became part of Detroit Aircraft Corp, which went bankrupt with its Lockheed unit. A year later, a group of investors acquired Lockheed's assets. New owners are risking their limited funds to develop all-metal, twin, Model 10 Electra transport. It first flew in 1934 and quickly gained worldwide fame.
A brochure celebrating the 50th anniversary of Burbank as the so-called Lockheed payroll city had "nearly 1,200" by the end of 1936. The recruiting aircraft company contributed to what a profitable work environment was at the time.
The Moreland truck plant was later used by Vega Aircraft Corporation Lockheed, which made what is widely known as "cruiser." Amelia Earhart flies across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1936, Lockheed officially took over Vega Aircraft in Burbank.
During World War II, the entire Lockheed Vega plant area was disguised to fool the enemy's surveillance efforts. The factory was hidden beneath a suburb complete with rubber cars and scenes of peaceful countryside painted on canvas. Hundreds of fake trees and shrubs are positioned to give the entire three-dimensional sighting area. Fake trees and bushes are created from chicken wire that has been treated with adhesive and then covered with chicken feathers to give a lush texture. The air ducts disguised as fire hydrants allow Lockheed-Vega employees to continue working under large camouflage umbrellas designed to hide their factories.
The Burbank Airport has undergone seven name changes since it opened in 1930. It has five runways radiated in various directions, each 300 feet (91 m) wide and 2,600 feet (790 m) in length. It remained United Airport until 1934, when its name was changed to Union Air Terminal (1934-1940). Boeing builds planes in the field. Lockheed plane has an airfield nearby. Lockheed bought the airport in 1940 and renamed it Lockheed Air Terminal , known until 1967, when it became Hollywood-Burbank Airport . In 1978, his name was changed to Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport (1978-2003) after Lockheed sold it to three California cities for $ 51 million. In December 2003, the facility was renamed Bob Hope Airport to honor comedians living on Lake Toluca nearby. In 2005, the city of Burbank and the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority, which owned and operated the airport, reached a development agreement. The agreement prohibits further airport expansion until 2009. Unlike most other regional airports in California, Burbank airport is located on land that is specifically categorized for airport use.
The growth of companies like Lockheed, and the thriving entertainment industry attracted more people to the area, and Burbank's population doubled between 1930 and 1940 to 34,337. Burbank saw its greatest growth during World War II due to Lockheed's presence, employing about 80,800 men and women who produce aircraft such as Lockheed Hudson, Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Lockheed PV-1 Ventura, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, and America's first fighter jet, Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star. Lockheed then created U2, SR-71 Blackbird, and F-117 Nighthawk at his Burbank-based "Skunk Works". Its name comes from a secretive, smelly smelling called "Skonk Works" in Al Capp's comic cartoon comic Li'l Abner .
Dozens of kiosks, restaurants and hamburger shops appear around Lockheed to accommodate employees. Some restaurants operate 24 hours a day. At one time, Lockheed paid utility tariffs representing 25% of the city's total utility revenue, making Lockheed a city dairy cow. When Lockheed left, the economic losses were enormous. At its peak during World War II, Lockheed's facility employs up to 98,000 people. Between Lockheed and Vega factories, about 7,700,000 square feet (720,000 m 2 ) from the production room was located in Burbank at its peak in 1943. Burbank's growth did not slow as production of the war ceased, and more than 7,000 residents new creates a postwar real estate boom. The value of real estate soared when a housing channel appeared in the Magnolia Park area of ​​Burbank between 1945 and 1950. More than 62 percent of the city's housing stock was built before 1970.
After World War II, homeless veterans lived in tent camps in Burbank, in Big Tujunga Canyon and at the National Guard headquarters not operating in Griffith Park. The government also set up trailer camps on Hollywood Way and Winona Avenue in Burbank and in adjacent Sun Valley. But new homes are being built, the economy is improving, and the military presence in Burbank continues to grow. Lockheed employees numbered 66,500 and expanded from aircraft to include spacecraft, missiles, electronics, and shipyards.
Lockheed's presence in Burbank attracted dozens of companies that make aircraft parts. One of them is Weber Aircraft Corporation, an aircraft interior manufacturer located adjacent to Lockheed on the edge of the airport. In 1988, Weber shut down its Burbank manufacturing plant, which then employs 1,000 people. Weber produces seats, galleries, toilets and other equipment for commercial and military aircraft. Weber has been in Burbank for 37 years.
In the mid-1970s, Hollywood-Burbank Airport handles 1.5 million passengers each year. Airlines include Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, JetBlue Airways, Southwest Airlines and United Air Lines. In August 2009, Southwest represented two-thirds of airport operations. In 2005, JetBlue Airways started the first ever seaside beach service from the airport. Avjet Corporation, a private jet service, operates from several hangars on the south side of the airport. Surf Air operates six daily flights from the airport services of Burbank Santa Barbara and San Carlos in Silicon Valley. Atlantic Aviation, (formerly Mercury Air Center) also provides jet services for several leading companies. In 1987, Burbank Airport became the first to require airlines to fly the quieter "Stage 3" jet.
In 2010, Bob Hope Airport in Burbank has 4.5 million passengers per year. The airport is also a major facility for FedEx and UPS, with 96.2 million pounds of cargo that year. In early 2012, American Airlines announced it would halt incoming and outgoing flights from Burbank. The decision follows US parent company filing for bankruptcy protection in November 2011. The US ranks far behind Southwest Airlines in terms of passenger traffic from Bob Hope Airport. For October 2011, Southwest flew about 233,000 passengers that month while the United States was just under 30,000 passengers. A 2012 study found the Burbank rank among the lowest in terms of tax burden for travelers, according to trade groups for travel managers. The GBTA foundation found Burbank's average cost of $ 22.74 per day for travelers compared to $ 40.31 for Chicago and $ 37.98 for New York.
Airport expansion begins in August 2012 when construction begins at the Regional Intermodal Transportation Center (RITC) along Empire Avenue just opposite the Burbank Hollywood Train Station. The RITC opened in June 2014. The RITC connects the airport with other transportation systems, including regional bus lines, freight, as well as the Amtrak and Metrolink rail services, and includes a closed overpass to the terminal building. A nearby terraced parking structure is also planned on site. In addition, the airport was given a $ 3.5 million Metrolink fund for a bridge that would cross the southern RITC facility at Empire Avenue to the rail platform used by Metrolink and Amtrak. The total cost of RITC is reported at $ 112 million and includes consolidating car rental facilities from at least nine different rental car brands. The RITC will also serve as a command center for emergency operations. Reversing the recent decline in passengers, airports reported the number of passengers in the first seven months of 2015 rose 2.4% compared with the same period last year. It marks a shift away from the experience of slow passenger trends since 2007. Passenger traffic continues to grow to 2017, with the airport announcing the total number of travelers up 14.4 percent for the full year to over 4.7 million. That said, the airport still remained below the peak of 5.9 million passengers recorded in 2007. Part of the reason for the decline was the lower number of flights from the airport.
Meanwhile, there have been discussions in recent years by members of the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority to change the Bob Hope Airport name to identify more locations with Hollywood and the Burbank region. The name change was finally approved in May 2016 by airport leaders. Airport officials hope the branding will increase passenger traffic, especially as the airport prepares to build new and larger terminal facilities. "For passengers unfamiliar with our Airport, the word 'Hollywood' has international recognition," Frank Mille Airport Executive Director said as quoted in a press release as 2017. "But even though we have a new name, we are still a convenient airport for our passengers. know and love. "
Produced by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, airport officials are looking to replace an aging terminal with something larger than two-thirds larger. The current terminal dates back to the 1930s and is considered too close to the runway according to current standards - about 250 feet (76 m) instead of the required 750 feet. In November 2016, city voters approved a replacement terminal. The Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority said it hopes the replacement terminal will open in 2022.
Entertainment industry
The film business arrived in Burbank in the 1920s. In 1926, the First National Picture bought a 78-acre site (320,000 m 2 ) on Olive Avenue near Dark Canyon. The property includes a 40 acre pig farm (160,000 m 2 ) and the original David Burbank house, both owned by breeder Stephen A. Martin. In 1928-1929, First National was taken over by a company founded by all four Warner Brothers.
Columbia Pictures buys property in Burbank as a farming facility, which is used primarily for outdoor shooting. The Walt Disney company, which has surpassed Hollywood's limits, bought 51 acres (210,000 m 2 ) in Burbank. Disney's multimillion-dollar studio, designed by Kem Weber, was completed in 1939 on Buena Vista Street. Disney originally wanted to build "Mickey Mouse Park," when he first called it, next to Burbank's studio. But his assistants finally convinced him that the space was too small, and there was opposition from the Burbank City Council. A board member told Disney: "We do not want carny atmosphere in Burbank." Disney then built a successful Disneyland in Anaheim.
Burbank saw the first real civil strife as the culmination of a six-month labor dispute between decoratorial and studio unions resulted in the Battle of Burbank on 5 October 1945.
In the 1960s and 1970s, more Hollywood entertainment industries moved to Burbank. NBC moved its west coast headquarters to a new location on the streets of Olive and Alameda. Studio Burbank was bought in 1951, and NBC arrived in 1952 from its previous location at Sunset and Vine in Hollywood. Although NBC promotes its Hollywood image for much of its broadcast on the West Coast (such as Ed McMahon's introduction to The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson: "from Hollywood"), comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin began to call "beautiful" downtown Burbank "at Laugh-in 1960. In 1962, the multi-million dollar complex of NBC, a sophisticated complex was completed.
Warners, NBC, and Disney all end up very close to each other along the southern edge of Burbank (and not far from Universal City to the southwest), the area now known as Media District, Media Center District or just Media Center. In the early 1990s, Burbank imposed growth restrictions in the Media District. Since then, to accommodate its ever-expanding workforce, Disney has been focusing on developing the site of the former Grand Central Airport in the nearby town of Glendale. Only the most senior executives of Disney and some film, television and animation operations are still based in many Disney studios in Burbank.
Rumors arose from NBC leaving Burbank after its parent company General Electric Company acquired Universal Studios and renamed the NBC Universal joint division. Since the deal, NBC has relocated major operations to Universal property located in Universal City. In 2007, NBC Universal management told employees that the company plans to sell many of Burbank's complexes. NBC Universal will relocate its television and cable operations to the Universal City complex. When Conan O'Brien took over hosting The Tonight Show from Carson's successor, Jay Leno in 2009, he hosted the show from Universal City. However, O'Brien's hosting role lasted only 7 months, and Leno, who launched a 10pm premiere show that failed in the fall of 2009, was asked to continue the role of Tonight Show after O'Brien controversially left NBC. The show goes back to NBC Burbank a lot and has been predicted to remain there until at least 2018. However, in April 2013 NBC confirmed plans to The Tonight Show to return to New York after 42 years in Burbank, with comic Jimmy Fallon replaces Leno as the host. The change became effective in February 2014.
The relocation plan changed after the acquisition of NBC Universal worth $ 30 billion by Comcast Corp. in January 2011. NBC Universal announced in January 2012 it will relocate NBC Network, LA Telemundo Bureau, as well as local KNBC and KVEA stations to the former Technicolor building located at the bottom of Universal Studios in Universal City. Former NBC Studios was renamed The Burbank Studios.
Meanwhile, Conan O'Brien is now based in Burbank, recording his new TBS talk show, Conan , from Stage 15 in Warner. Stage 15, built in the late 1920s, is a classic place like Calamity Jane (1953), Blazing Saddles (1974), Ghostbusters (1984 )) and A Star Is Born were filmed.
In the early 1990s, Burbank tried unsuccessfully to lure Sony Pictures Entertainment, the owner of the Columbia and TriStar studios based in Culver City, and 20th Century Fox, who had threatened to move from his Los Angeles West unless the city gave permission to upgrade its facilities.. Fox stayed after getting Los Angeles city approval of a $ 200 million expansion plan. In 1999, the city managed to acquire Cartoon Network Studios who took up residence in an old commercial bakery building located on North 3rd St when it separated its production operations from Warner Bros.. Animation in Sherman Oaks, CA.
The history of cinema
Burbank has a rich cinematic history. Hundreds of major feature films have been filmed in Burbank for years, but perhaps none are more famous than Casablanca (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart. The film began production a few months after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Due to World War II, site shootings were limited and film-making near the airport was banned. As a result, Casablanca photographed most of its main scene on Stage 1 in Warner Bros. Burbank Studios, including the famous scene at the airport. It featured a runaway Moroccan foundation on stage where the Bogart characters did not fly away with Ingrid Bergman. Bonnie and Clyde (1967) were also filmed at Warner Bros.. Burbank Studios.
The Gary Cooper classic High Noon (1952) was shot on the western road at Warner Brothers "Ranch", which became known as the Columbia Farm. The ranch facility is located less than a mile north of many of the main Warner's in Burbank. The classical 1957 3:10 to Yuma was also filmed in the old Columbia Farm, and many outdoor movies for Three Stooges took place at Columbia Ranch, including most of the romp scenes. In 1993, Warner Bros. knocking down the historic Burbank-based sets used to film High Noon and Lee Marvin's 1965 Oscar-winning comedy Western Cat Ballou, as well as several other features. and television shows.
The 1974 classic Mel Brooks Blazing Saddles gave viewers a glimpse behind the scenes as they completely broke the fourth wall onto the adjacent stage, and through the warner Bros. commissary before spilling out of the main studio gates and onto Olive Avenue.
Other classic direct action films taken on Burbank include the Disney movie Mary Poppins (1964), filmed on Sound Stage 2 at Walt Disney Studios. Julie Andrews came back 37 years later to make Disney The Princess Diaries (2001). As a tribute to the actress, Disney renamed the stage "The Julie Andrews Stage" in 2001. In 2002, a fire broke out at Disney's Burbank lot, spoiling the stage of sound in which a set was being built for the Disney feature film Pirates of the Caribbean: Black Pearl Curse (2003). No one was hurt in the flames.
While filming Apollo 13 (1995) and Coach Carter (2005), the producer shot a scene at the Safari Inn Motel in Burbank. True Romance (1993) also filmed locations in the motel. Back to the Future (1985) recorded extensively on the Universal Studios backlot but also filmed the band audition scene at the Burbank Community Center. San Fernando Blvd. doubled for San Diego at The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) while many Christopher Nolan's Memento were shot in and around Burbank with a scene on Burbank Blvd., in Blue Room (a local bar also featured in the 1994 Michael Mann Heat feature), tattoo parlor, as well as Natalie's character home.
The inner city shopping center, Burbank Town Center, is a popular setting for shooting movies, television series and commercials. Over the years, it was the site for the scene at Bad News Bears (2005) for location shooting for Cold Case, Gilmore Girls > ER and even Desperate Housewives. The ABC show Desperate Housewives is also known to frequently use the Magnolia Park area for the show scene, along with the city's retail district. along Riverside and adjacent to Toluca Lake, California. Also, Universal Pictures Larry Crowne records an exterior scene outside Burbank's Kmart, the store is duplicated for 'U Mart', and at The Hangover Part II (2011) about breakfast scene at the IHOP restaurant across the street.
During 2010, Burbank experienced a surge in commercial production and TV on site. The film licensing official in the city reported 32 permits issued in December 2010 alone, up from 24 permits in the prior year period. Among the 2010 commercials that were filmed in the city were places for Baskin-Robbins, Taco Bell, and the US Bank.
In 2012, the international film and acting academy opens its doors in Burbank. School, International Film and Television Academy, traces its roots to the Philippines. The first class will include students from 30 countries.
Burbank today
Towards 2018, Burbank is expected to decide whether to impose lease-control rules for approximately 10,400 housing units in the city. The law states forbid communities in the state to place lease control on the complexes built after February 1995. Any lease control regulations will also require the exclusion of single-family homes and condominiums. The cost of housing in California has gone up in the last decade and there is a shortage of affordable housing. Lease controls are seen as a way to keep housing costs affordably, but some economists suggest that restrictions on rent only contribute to California's chronic housing problem.
Burbank has taken the initiative in various anti-smoking procedures in the last decade. At the end of 2010, Burbank issued a regulation prohibiting smoking in a multi-family family home sharing ventilation system. The rules come into effect in mid-2011. The new anti-smoking procedure, which also prohibits smoking on balconies and private terraces in multi-family dwellings, is considered the first of its kind in California. Since 2007, Burbank has banned smoking in all city-owned properties, downtown Burbank, Chandler Bikeway, and pedestrian and sidewalk areas.
The murder of Burbank police Matius Pavelka in 2003 by a local gang known as Vineland Boys sparked an intensive investigation in connection with several other cities and resulted in the arrest of a number of gang members and other citizens in and around Burbank. Among those arrested were Burbank board members, Stacey Murphy, who was involved in arms trade in exchange for drugs. Pavelka was the first Burbank police officer to be shot dead in his duties in department history, according to California Police Association officials.
Street name of the city, Burbank Boulevard, began to be renovated in 2007. The city spent more than $ 10 million to plant colorful palm trees and flowers, median lamps, new lights, benches and bike racks.
Today, about 100,000 people work in Burbank. Physical traces of the city's aviation industry remain. In late 2001, the Burbank Empire Center opened with the flight as a theme. The center, built at a cost of $ 250 million by Zelman Development Company, sits on Empire Avenue, formerly the most secret Lockheed site "Skunk Works", and other Lockheed properties. In 2003, many retailers and restaurants in the middle were one of the top national players in their franchise. The Burbank Empire Center comprises more than 11% of Burbank's sales tax revenues, excluding nearby Costco, part of the Imperial Center development.
Work began in the summer of 2015 to open Walmart Supercenter on the site of the former Great Indoors store. This project has been discontinued since 2011 due to lawsuits. However, Walmart stores have finally opened its doors in June 2016.
Burbank is also scheduled to get its first Whole Foods Market near The Burbank Studios. The development of mixed-use will include apartment units above the store. The project has faced controversy due to traffic concerns and roadblocks in adjacent neighborhoods.
Maps Burbank, California
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, Burbank has a total area of ​​17.4 square miles (45 km 2 ). 17.4 square miles (45 km 2 ) of it is the ground and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km 2 ) of it (0.12%) is water. It borders Glendale to the east, North Hollywood and Toluca Lake to the west, and Griffith Park to the south. The Verdugo Mountains form the northern border.
The altitude in the city ranges from 500 feet (150 m) in the lower valley area to about 800 feet (240 m) in the nearby Verdugo Mountains. Most of Burbank has a water surface of more than 100 feet (30 m), more than the size found in 1940 when the water surface is within 50 feet (15 m) of the land surface in some areas of Burbank.
Geology
Burbank is located within a seismically active area. At least eight major errors were mapped in 13.5 miles (21.7 km) from Burbank's civilian center. The San Fernando Fault, located 6 miles (10 km) northwest of downtown Burbank, caused a magnitude 6.6 earthquake in 1971.
The Verdugo Fault, which can reach a maximum magnitude of 6.5 on the Richter scale, is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from downtown Burbank. This error extends across the city, and is located in alluvium in the southern Verdugo Mountains. Mistakes are mapped on the surface in Northeast Glendale, and at various locations in Burbank. Other nearby faults include Northridge Hills Fault (10 miles (16 km) northwest of Burbank), Newport-Inglewood Fault (12.5 miles (20.1 km)), Whittier Fault (21 miles (34 km)), and San Fault Andreas (28 miles (45 km)) with a potential 8.25 magnitude Scale Richter.
Burbank suffered a $ 66.1 million loss from the 1994 Northridge earthquake, according to the city's finance department. There are $ 58 million damage to privately owned facilities in commercial, industrial, manufacturing and entertainment businesses. Other losses of $ 8.1 million include damage to public buildings, highways and power plants in Sylmar, partly owned by Burbank.
Climate
Burbank has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (climatic classification KÃÆ'¶ppen Csa ). The highest temperature recorded at Burbank was 113Ã, Â ° F (45Ã, Â ° C) in 1971. The lowest recorded temperature was 22 ° ° F (-6Ã, Â ° C) in 1978. The driest rainy season in record was 2006 -2007 seasons with 2.83 inches (72 mm), beating the previous 5.12 inch (130 mm) record set in 2001-2002. The months that receive the most rainfall are February and January.
Nearby Areas
Magnolia Park Area
Magnolia Park, founded on the western bank of Burbank in the early 1920s, had 3,500 homes within six years of its creation. When the city refused to pay for the road connecting subdivisions with Cahuenga Pass, real estate developers and daily farmers, Earl L. White did it on their own and called it the Hollywood Way. White is the owner of KELW, the first commercial radio station San Fernando Valley, which airs on February 13, 1927. The 1,000-watt radio station was sold in 1935 to the Hearst newspaper.
The city's Magnolia Park area, bordered by West Verdugo Avenue to the south, Chandler Boulevard to the north, the Hollywood Way to the west, and Buena Vista Street in the east are known for their small towns, shady streets, and Eisenhower-era displays. Most of the houses in the area date back to the 1940s, when it was built for World War II veterans. The community center is Magnolia Boulevard, which is famous for its antique shops, boutiques, thrift stores, corner markets, and occasional chain stores. This environment continues to struggle with developers looking to expand and update Magnolia Boulevard. Independent traders and slow growth groups have struggled from new development and big box stores. The neighborhood remains quiet despite being under the airport's flight path and bounded by arterial roads.
One of the centers of the comeback to be tried is the Porto Bakery on Albin's old drugstore site located at 3606 and 3614 West Magnolia Boulevard. As part of the project, Burbank lent Porto funds to build up the increase. Under the agreement a portion of the loan will be pardoned for a period of 10 years. East of Porto's is Antique Row, a shopping center in the city.
Other enhancements include converting unused rail lines along Chandler Boulevard into beautiful bikeway paths and pedestrian lanes. This project is part of a larger bike route that connects the Metrolink station in downtown Burbank to the Red Line subway in North Hollywood. The bike-friendly environment and vintage shops have made this part of the San Fernando Valley frequented by Hipster.
Rancho Equestrian area
Perhaps Burbank's most famous neighborhood collection is Rancho Equestrian District, flanked by Griffith Park to the south, Victory Boulevard to the east, Olive Avenue to the west, and Alameda Avenue to the north. Part of the Rancho community extends to neighboring Glendale.
Environmental zoning allows residents to keep horses on their property. Single family homes are much larger than the family units in Rancho. Many homes have stables and horses. There are about 785 single family homes, 180 condos and townhome and 250 horses.
Rancho has traditionally been represented by Homeowners Burbank Rancho, formed in 1963 by Floran Frank and other horseback riders and is the oldest neighborhood group in the city. The community recently halted the development of Whole Foods stores in the Rancho area.
Rancho real estate sells at a premium price due to zoning riders, parks, connections to the equestrian track at Griffith Park and its proximity to Warner Bros and Disney Studios. Riverside Drive, the main street, is lined with sycamore and oak trees, some over 70 years old. It is common to see people horseback riding along the horse track appointed by Riverside Drive. From historical records, Rancho is home to TV star Mister Ed, a horse who spoke in the early 1960s of the same name. Other famous Rancho residents include Ava Gardner and Tab Hunter, as well as Bette Davis in adjacent Glendale Rancho area.
Rancho is mainly known for its gardens and open spaces. These include the downtown Mountain View Park, Johnny Carson Park, Griffith Park and Los Angeles Riding Center, Bette Davis Park (in adjacent Glendale Rancho) and the beloved Polliwog in the neighborhood, stretching along the Disney animation building and used by residents local to train their horses.
In the 1960s, General Motors Corporation opened a training facility at Riverside Drive in the Rancho area, but in 1999 decided to contract a technician-dealer training to Raytheon Company and dismiss a dozen employees. In 2006, GM confiscated EV1 electric-powered car from the driver who had hired it and transferred it to GM's facility in Burbank. When environmental activists determine the location of the car, they begin to stay for a month at the facility. To challenge unwanted line companies, they find buyers for all of them, offering a total of $ 1.9 million. Vehicles were loaded on trucks and moved, and some activists who tried to intervene were arrested. The property is sold in 2012 to the LycÃÆ'Â © e International de Los Angeles (LILA), a French-English double school, which opens private secondary schools in August 2013. The new school includes 23 classrooms, four laboratories, an auditorium, an art room, an indoor gym, two outdoor volleyball courts and a basketball court, according to the school's website.
Important location
Walt Disney Studios
Walt Disney Studios in Burbank serves as the international headquarters for the media conglomerate of The Walt Disney Company. The Disney staff began to move from the old Disney studio on Hyperion Avenue in Silver Lake on December 24, 1939. Designed primarily by Kem Weber under the tutelage of Walt Disney and his brother Roy, the Burbank Disney Studio building is the only studio that can survive the Golden Age of film making. Disney is the only major studio company left to remain independent of the larger conglomerate and whose parent entity is still located in the Los Angeles area. Disney is also the only major movie studio that does not run public backlot tours.
Providencia Ranch
The filming starts at the Providencia Ranch area (marked yellow on the Providencia Land, Water & Development Co. map in this section). Nestor Studios began using the location of the farm in 1911. Providencia Ranch became part of Universal Film Manufacturing operations in the Pacific/West Coast in 1912. From 1912 to 1914, Universal's farm studio was also called Oak Crest Ranch. Carl Laemmle called the "Universal City" ranch as recorded in the edition of The Moving Picture World Volume: 16 (April - June 1913). Universal City is on the ground of Providencia and belongs to Air from 1912 to 1914. In 1914, the Oak Crest studio farm and the Hollywood studio operations will move to a new Universal City located on the land of Lankershim and the Air property. The official public opening took place March 15, 1915, at the Lankershim Property. The new Universal City (three tracts of land) is much larger than the old Universal Farm (Oak/Providencia). Universal cattle tractor land became smaller after 1914 moved to Taylor Ranch. The land rented around a universal farm will soon become Lasky Ranch. The Providencia property was used as a filming location by other film companies, especially for battle scenes in the mute classic of the American Civil War, The Birth of a Nation (1915).
src: www.aandamoving.com
Demographics
Burbank experienced a 4.8% increase in population between 2000 and 2016, bringing its total population by 2016 to 105,110. Population growth is affected by Burbank's widespread employment base, high-quality public schools, and access to regional and metropolitan transport routes in Los Angeles. According to Demographics and Growth Demographics South Growth Demography of Southern California, Burbank population is expected to reach about 118,700 by 2040, up 15 percent from 2012.
2010
The US Census 2010 reported that Burbank had a population of 103,340. Population density was 5,946.3 people per square mile (2,295.9/km 2 ). Burbank's racial makeup is 75,167 (72.7%) White (58.3% Non-Hispanic White), 2,600 (2.5%) African American, 486 (0.5%) Native American, 12,007 (11.6% ) Asia, 89 (0.1%) of the Pacific Islander, 7.999 (7.7%) of the other races, and 4.992 (4.8%) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino from any race is 25,310 people (24.5%).
The census reported that 102,767 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 291 (0.3%) lived in unembienced groups, and 282 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There are 41,940 households, of which 12,386 (29.5%) have children under the age of 18 living in them, 18,388 (43.8%) are married couples living together, 4,984 (11, 9%) have a female household without a husband now, 2,050 (4.9%) have a householder male in the absence of a wife. There are 2,177 (5.2%) of unmarried partners of the opposite sex, and 396 (0.9%) couples or married couples of the same sex. 12,823 households (30.6%) were made up of individuals and 4,179 (10.0%) had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45. There were 25,422 families (60.6% of all households); the average family size is 3.13.
The population is spread by 20,488 people (19.8%) under the age of 18, 8,993 persons (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 32,513 persons (31.5%) aged 25 to 44, 27,552 people (26.7% aged 45 to 64 years. , and 13,794 people (13.3%) aged 65 years or older. The median age was 38.9 years. For every 100 females, there are 93.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 91.6 males.
There are 44,309 housing units with an average density of 2,549.6 per square mile (984.4 km/sup> 2 ), of which 18,465 (44.0%) are owner-occupied, and 23.475 (56.0 %) is occupied by the tenant. Homeowner vacancy rate is 1.6%; rental vacancy rate is 5.3%. 50,687 people (49.0% of the population) live in housing units occupied by owners and 52,080 people (50.4%) live in rental housing units.
According to the US Census 2010, Burbank has an average household income of $ 66,240, with 9.4% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
2000
While the white population continues to comprise the majority of Burbank's population, this proportion has declined substantially from almost 80% in 1980 to about 72% in 2000. By contrast, the share of the Hispanic population has increased steadily over the past two decades, growing from 16% 1980 to 25% in 2000. Although the Asian population represents a smaller segment of the population, the Asian population has more than tripled since 1980, increasing from 3% in 1980 to 9% in 2000. The black population remains limited, increasing from less than 1% in 1980 to nearly 2% in 2000.
In the 2000 census, there were 100,316 people, 41,608 households, and 24,382 families living in the city. Population density is 5,782.4 people per square mile (2,232.4/km 2 ). There are 42,847 housing units with an average density of 2,469.8 per square mile (953.5/km 2 ). City racial makeup is 72.2% White, 2.1% Black or African American, 0.6% Native Americans, 9.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Island, 9.9% of other races, and 6 , 0% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race is 24.9% of the population.
There are 41,608 households where 28.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% are married couples living together, 11.5% have unmarried female households present, and 41.4% is not family. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population is spread by 22.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% years or more. The mean age is 36 years. For every 100 women, there are 94.1 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 90.7 men.
The average income for households in the city is $ 72,347, and the average income for families is $ 78,767. Men have an average income of $ 59,792 against $ 41,273 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 29,713. About 6% of families and 9.1% of the population are below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under the age of 18 and 12.2% of those aged 65 years or older.
Crime
Burbank's overall crime rate for violent crime and property during 2017 rose 2.9 percent compared with 2016 levels, according to the city's online police data. But that's below the 12 percent surge recorded from 2016 to 2015. Police statistics show robberies, thefts and auto thefts fall in 2017 compared to last year's period. Rapes also fell in 2017, according to police data. There are no killings registered in Burbank during 2016 and 2017. That changed in 2018 when a three-man corpse was found in a car parked along South Varney Street and a murder investigation was launched. Niche, a national online database that publishes city ratings, incorporates Burbank in 2018 as one of the 13 safest cities in America and number 63 in terms of "the best city to live".
Burbank's crime rate rate was around 2.34 per 1,000 people in 2009, well below the national average of 4.29 per 1,000 people as reported by the US Department of Justice at the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Furthermore, Burbank was renamed again in 2010 as One of the 100 Best Communities of Nations for Youth by the American Promise Alliance.
As of December 2011, Burbank Police began for the first time posting online capture information. The website contains archives from the beginning of the program.
A criminal offense is charged and charged locally at the Burbank Courthouse. The Los Angeles District Attorney handles all crime offenses within the Burbank city limits. The Burbank City Prosecutor's Office, through its Prosecution Division, handles the remaining violations, covering all minor offenses, and city code violations such as Burbank's Anti-Assembly Act, as well as traffic violations. The Burbank High Court is a high-volume court building; City Attorney files about 5,500 cases per year, and the Burbank Police Department directly files about 12,000 to 15,000 traffic citations per year. Burbank Court, Division Two, handles all charges of minor offenses for Burbank offenses. A typical typo calendar is between 100 and 120 cases per day, including 15 to 25 defendants who are brought to trial in custody. Many cases were triggered by the arrest in Hollywood Burbank Airport. Common arrests include possession of drugs such as marijuana, weapons, forbidden goods, as well as false identification fees.
One of the most famous crimes in the city occurred in March 1953, when Mabel Monahan's old widow was killed at her home in Burbank. When Monahan, 64, opens the door to his home on West Parkside Avenue, he finds himself confronted by a stranger, Barbara Graham (also sometimes referred to as Barbara Wood). Graham, along with several other henchmen, has heard rumors about the luck of Las Vegas gambling hidden in Monahan's house. The crime scene was found by a gardener, who went to the front door of Monahan and looked for a place to find the ravaged house and the horrible blood trail. The gardener immediately summoned the Burbank Police, who found Monahan's deeply battered body, half inside and half of the closet.
On June 3, 1955, Graham and two of his colleagues in crime were executed in a gas chamber in San Quentin for their part in the brutal murder of Mabel Monahan. Graham insisted that he was innocent. Actress Susan Hayward won Best Actress Oscar for her role as Graham in 1958's classic movie I Want To Live. Before filming, director Robert Wise attended the actual execution at San Quentin Prison to help him authentically capture the climax of his movie. In 1983, ABC Television re-made the film, casting actress Lindsay Wagner (known for her role as Bionic Woman) as Barbara Graham.
On the bul
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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